Enacting computer icons. The dynamics of interpretation between forms and diagrams

The transposition of icons and interfaces in a plu rality of devices and software questions the processes of meaning con struction involved in their use and interpretation. The analysis of four appare ntly simple icons used to send an email on an iPhone leads us to investigate C. S. Peirce's conception of iconism and the Gestaltic notion of form. Icons are operationally defined as what enables us to do/understand something more. Icons are thus grounded in a bundle of practices according to which the "more" c an be established. An adequate description of their meaning relies on a d iagrammatical approach: through established habits users infer local config uration of meaningful relations (Gestaltic forms) to guide their action a nd relations that can be further manipulated and modified.

[1]  François Rastier,et al.  Arts et sciences du texte , 2001 .

[2]  K. Koffka Principles Of Gestalt Psychology , 1936 .

[3]  Lucy Suchman Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication , 1987 .

[4]  A. Clark Supersizing the Mind , 2008 .

[5]  E. J. Tehovnik,et al.  Mapping Cortical Activity Elicited with Electrical Microstimulation Using fMRI in the Macaque , 2005, Neuron.

[6]  D. Simons Attentional capture and inattentional blindness , 2000, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[7]  C. Hartshorne,et al.  Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce , 1935, Nature.

[8]  Jacques Theureau,et al.  Le Cours d'action : méthode réfléchie , 2009 .

[9]  G. Lakoff Philosophy in the flesh , 1999 .

[10]  W. Köhler Gestalt psychology , 1967 .

[11]  W. Köhler The task of Gestalt psychology , 1969 .

[12]  Ronald A. Rensink,et al.  Change-blindness as a result of ‘mudsplashes’ , 1999, Nature.

[13]  W. Mitchell,et al.  Diagrammatology , 1981, Critical Inquiry.

[14]  N. Goodman Languages of Art , 1968 .

[15]  Yves-Marie Visetti,et al.  Sens et temps de la Gestalt , 1999 .

[16]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity , 1999 .

[17]  N. Goodman,et al.  Languages of art : an approach to a theory of symbols , 1979 .

[18]  M. Ash,et al.  Gestalt Psychology in German Culture, 1890–1967: Holism and the Quest for Objectivity. , 1995 .

[19]  Barry Smith,et al.  Gestalt theory: An essay in philosophy , 1988 .

[20]  A. Noë,et al.  A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. , 2001, The Behavioral and brain sciences.

[21]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  The invisible computer , 1998 .

[22]  Ronald A. Rensink,et al.  TO SEE OR NOT TO SEE: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes , 1997 .

[23]  N. Goodman,et al.  Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols , 1971 .

[24]  A. Grinvald,et al.  Dynamics of Ongoing Activity: Explanation of the Large Variability in Evoked Cortical Responses , 1996, Science.

[25]  U. Eco,et al.  Kant e l'ornitorinco , 1997 .

[26]  Simone Morgagni Pratiques d'usage et valorisation esthétique des objets technologiques , 2008 .

[27]  E. Itkonen Analogy as structure and process , 2005 .

[28]  U. Eco Trattato di semiotica generale , 1976 .

[29]  Victor Rosenthal,et al.  Perception comme anticipation : vie perceptive et microgenèse , 2004 .

[30]  Jacques Theureau,et al.  Le cours d'action: Méthode développée , 2006 .

[31]  L. Barsalou,et al.  Whither structured representation? , 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[32]  Ronald A. Rensink,et al.  Picture Changes During Blinks: Looking Without Seeing and Seeing Without Looking , 2000 .

[33]  G. Fauconnier,et al.  The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind''s Hidden Complexities. Basic Books , 2002 .

[34]  A Peircean contribution to the contemporary debate on perception : the sensorimotor theory and diagrams , 2008 .

[35]  Alva Noë,et al.  Action in Perception , 2006, Representation and Mind.

[36]  M. Bar Visual objects in context , 2004, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[37]  E. Hutchins Cognition in the wild , 1995 .

[38]  P. Robbins,et al.  The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition , 2001 .

[39]  W. Nöth The Criterion of Habit in Peirce's Definitions of the Symbol , 2010 .

[40]  C. Chabris,et al.  Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events , 1999, Perception.

[41]  David Benyon,et al.  Designing with Blends , 2007 .