Optimizing carpool formation along high-occupancy vehicle lanes

Abstract High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are restricted traffic lanes that are reserved for vehicles with multiple car occupants. Depending on the current number of passengers, a driver must either travel slower on the often-congested general-purpose lane or can access the faster HOV lane. In this paper, we provide optimization approaches for matching supply and demand when building carpools along HOV lanes. In current applications, carpools form spontaneously in slugging areas where potential passengers queue. However, internet-enabled mobile phones that are connected to a central ride sharing platform enable dynamic carpool formation based on sophisticated scheduling procedures. We investigate various versions of the carpool formation problem. The computational complexity is analyzed in depth, and suitable solution procedures are developed. These procedures are applied to quantify the benefit of an optimized carpool formation process. In a comprehensive computational study, we compare our optimization approaches with spontaneous ride sharing and show that substantially better solutions for all stakeholders can be obtained.

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