Quantum Electron Optics and its Applications

With the development of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) substrates and submicron lithography techniques, it has become possible to fabricate mesoscopic devices with length scales smaller than the inelastic and elastic scattering lengths of electrons at cryogenic temperatures. In these ballistic devices, the wave-nature of the electron can be probed through do conductance measurements, proportional to the first-order correlation function of the wavefunction amplitude. Electron focusing, diffraction, and Aharonov-Bohm interference experiments are examples of classical optical phenomena clearly observed in mesoscopic electron systems [1].

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