Experimental nondestructive electrical stimulation of the brain and spinal cord.

HE shortcomings of destructive lesions used as treatment for neurological disorders ~,6 have triggered a search for new techniques. Electrical stimulation of the nervous system has been an attractive possibility because undesirable side effects of the stimulus may be eliminated when the electrical current is stoppedY We have studied the basic requirements for standardization of a safe stimulating current. Electricity has long been used for destruction of tissue, either as direct or radiofrequency current; both will lead to destruction of brain or spinal cord, but each is partially uncontrollable and the results are irreversible. Even alternating current will damage the nervous system if its parameters are not rigidly controlled. Since electrical stimulation of the nervous system offers attractive possibilities for treatment of some neurological disorders, 2,11,12 standardization of safety factors is essential. Several factors that theoretically influence the safe stimulation critical value (r) are: Voltage across the electrodes, V Current delivered to the load, I Pulse repetition rate, f Pulse duration, d Contact area of the electrode, A Type of metal, M.