Processing Spatial Layout by Perception and Sensorimotor Interaction

Everyone has the feeling that perception is usually accurate—we apprehend the layout of the world without significant error, and therefore we can interact with it effectively. Several lines of experimentation, however, show that perceived layout is seldom accurate enough to account for the success of visually guided behaviour. A visual world that has more texture on one side, for example, induces a shift of the body's straight ahead to that side and a mislocalization of a small target to the opposite side. Motor interaction with the target remains accurate, however, as measured by a jab with the finger. Slopes of hills are overestimated, even while matching the slopes of the same hills with the forearm is more accurate. The discrepancy shrinks as the estimated range is reduced, until the two estimates are hardly discrepant for a segment of a slope within arm's reach. From an evolutionary standpoint, the function of perception is not to provide an accurate physical layout of the world, but to inform the planning of future behaviour. Illusions—inaccuracies in perception—are perceived as such only when they can be verified by objective means, such as measuring the slope of a hill, the range of a landmark, or the location of a target. Normally such illusions are not checked and are accepted as reality without contradiction.