PyMM: An Open-Source Python Program for QM/MM Simulations Based on the Perturbed Matrix Method

Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are important tools in molecular modeling as they are able to couple an extended phase space sampling with an accurate description of the electronic properties of the system. Here, we describe a Python software package, called PyMM, which has been developed to apply a QM/MM approach, the perturbed matrix method, in a simple and efficient way. PyMM requires a classical atomic trajectory of the whole system and a set of unperturbed electronic properties of the ground and electronic excited states. The software output includes a set of the most common perturbed properties, such as the electronic excitation energies and the transitions dipole moments, as well as the eigenvectors describing the perturbed electronic states, which can be then used to estimate whatever electronic property. The software is composed of a simple and complete command-line interface, a set of internal input validation, and three main analyses focusing on (i) the perturbed eigenvector behavior, (ii) the calculation of the electronic absorption spectrum, and (iii) the estimation of the free energy differences along a reaction coordinate.

[1]  M. D’Abramo,et al.  Rationalizing Sequence and Conformational Effects on the Guanine Oxidation in Different DNA Conformations , 2022, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[2]  M. D’Abramo,et al.  Absorption behavior of doxorubicin hydrochloride in visible region in different environments: a combined experimental and computational study. , 2022, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[3]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical Modeling of Redox Potentials of Biomolecules , 2022, Molecules.

[4]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical-computational modelling of the L-alanine CD spectrum in water , 2022, Computational and Theoretical Chemistry.

[5]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical Characterization of the Reduction Potentials of Nucleic Acids in Solution , 2021, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[6]  Jeffery S. Boschen,et al.  NWChem: Past, present, and future. , 2020, The Journal of chemical physics.

[7]  Zachary L Glick,et al.  Psi4 1.4: Open-source software for high-throughput quantum chemistry. , 2020, The Journal of chemical physics.

[8]  V. Barone,et al.  Extending the perturbed matrix method beyond the dipolar approximation: comparison of different levels of theory. , 2018, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[9]  Patrice Koehl,et al.  Faculty Opinions recommendation of OpenMM 7: Rapid development of high performance algorithms for molecular dynamics. , 2018, Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature.

[10]  Sandeep Sharma,et al.  PySCF: the Python‐based simulations of chemistry framework , 2018 .

[11]  Vincenzo Barone,et al.  Flexible and Comprehensive Implementation of MD-PMM Approach in a General and Robust Code. , 2017, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[12]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical modeling of the absorption spectrum of aqueous riboflavin , 2017 .

[13]  Vijay S. Pande,et al.  OpenMM 7: Rapid development of high performance algorithms for molecular dynamics , 2016, bioRxiv.

[14]  B. L. de Groot,et al.  CHARMM36m: an improved force field for folded and intrinsically disordered proteins , 2016, Nature Methods.

[15]  Oliver Beckstein,et al.  MDAnalysis: A Python Package for the Rapid Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Simulations , 2016, SciPy.

[16]  Siu Kwan Lam,et al.  Numba: a LLVM-based Python JIT compiler , 2015, LLVM '15.

[17]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical calculation of the pyrene emission properties in different solvents , 2015 .

[18]  Berk Hess,et al.  GROMACS: High performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers , 2015 .

[19]  U. Rothlisberger,et al.  Mixed Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Biological Systems in Ground and Electronically Excited States. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[20]  Alán Aspuru-Guzik,et al.  Advances in molecular quantum chemistry contained in the Q-Chem 4 program package , 2014, Molecular Physics.

[21]  Alan E. Mark,et al.  Testing and validation of the Automated Topology Builder (ATB) version 2.0: prediction of hydration free enthalpies , 2014, Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design.

[22]  Luca Frediani,et al.  The Dalton quantum chemistry program system , 2013, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Computational molecular science.

[23]  A. Amadei,et al.  A general statistical mechanical approach for modeling redox thermodynamics: the reaction and reorganization free energies , 2013 .

[24]  A. Amadei,et al.  Erratum: “Theoretical modeling of UV-Vis absorption and emission spectra in liquid state systems including vibrational and conformational effects: The vertical transition approximation” [J. Chem. Phys.139, 114102 (2013)] , 2013 .

[25]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical modeling of UV-Vis absorption and emission spectra in liquid state systems including vibrational and conformational effects: the vertical transition approximation. , 2013, The Journal of chemical physics.

[26]  M. Orozco,et al.  On the nature of DNA hyperchromic effect. , 2013, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[27]  Ross C. Walker,et al.  An overview of the Amber biomolecular simulation package , 2013 .

[28]  Andrea Amadei,et al.  Essential dynamics: foundation and applications , 2012 .

[29]  Tian Lu,et al.  Multiwfn: A multifunctional wavefunction analyzer , 2012, J. Comput. Chem..

[30]  Carl Caleman,et al.  Force Field Benchmark of Organic Liquids: Density, Enthalpy of Vaporization, Heat Capacities, Surface Tension, Isothermal Compressibility, Volumetric Expansion Coefficient, and Dielectric Constant , 2011, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[31]  Oliver Beckstein,et al.  MDAnalysis: A toolkit for the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations , 2011, J. Comput. Chem..

[32]  Jianpeng Ma,et al.  CHARMM: The biomolecular simulation program , 2009, J. Comput. Chem..

[33]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical characterization of electronic states in interacting chemical systems. , 2009, The Journal of chemical physics.

[34]  Noel M. O'Boyle,et al.  cclib: A library for package‐independent computational chemistry algorithms , 2008, J. Comput. Chem..

[35]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical characterization of temperature and density dependence of liquid water electronic excitation energy: comparison with recent experimental data. , 2008, The Journal of chemical physics.

[36]  Walter Thiel,et al.  QM/MM studies of enzymes. , 2007, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[37]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical modeling of vibroelectronic quantum states in complex molecular systems: solvated carbon monoxide, a test case. , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[38]  A. Amadei,et al.  Theoretical characterisation of the electronic excitation in liquid water. , 2005, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[39]  P. M. Rodger,et al.  DL_POLY: Application to molecular simulation , 2002 .

[40]  A. Amadei,et al.  A first-principles method to model perturbed electronic wavefunctions: the effect of an external homogeneous electric field , 2001 .

[41]  D. Langley,et al.  Molecular dynamic simulations of environment and sequence dependent DNA conformations: the development of the BMS nucleic acid force field and comparison with experimental results. , 1998, Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.