Predicting the Big Two of Affect from the Big Five of Personality

This article reports a study (N = 217) predicting self-reported momentary affect from personality. Affect was described with a two-dimensional space that integrates various affect models including the valence/arousal and the positive affect/negative affect models. Three models of personality were compared: Extraversion and Neuroticism, the Five Factor Model (which adds Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience), and Digman's Alpha and Beta. Both linear and nonlinear (interaction and quadratic) effects were examined. Results favored the Five Factor Model. Nonlinear effects were small. Personality was not linked to affect in a way consistent with the claim that certain dimensions (Positive Affect and Negative Affect) are more basic; indeed, neuroticism was maximally correlated with the Pleasant versus Unpleasant axis rather than with Negative Affect.

[1]  S. Srivastava,et al.  The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. , 1999 .

[2]  L. R. Goldberg.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKERS FOR THE BIG-FIVE FACTOR STRUCTURE , 1992 .

[3]  J. Russell,et al.  Structure of Self-Reported Current Affect: Integration and Beyond , 1999 .

[4]  J. Russell,et al.  Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. , 1998 .

[5]  R. Larsen,et al.  Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. , 1992 .

[6]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect. , 2000, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[7]  C. Izard,et al.  Emotion in adult development , 1984 .

[8]  A. Tellegen.  Structures of Mood and Personality and Their Relevance to Assessing Anxiety, With an Emphasis on Self-Report , 2019, Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders.

[9]  R. Reisenzein.  Pleasure-Arousal Theory and the Intensity of Emotions , 1994 .

[10]  E. Diener,et al.  Subjective well-being. , 1984, Psychological bulletin.

[11]  Stephen R. Hotard,et al.  Interactive effects of extraversion, neuroticism, and social relationships on subjective well-being. , 1989 .

[12]  D. Watson,et al.  Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. , 1984, Psychological bulletin.

[13]  Michael W. Eysenck,et al.  Personality, average mood and mood variability , 1989 .

[14]  R. McCrae,et al.  An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. , 1992, Journal of personality.

[15]  G. Saucier.  Mini-markers: a brief version of Goldberg's unipolar big-five markers. , 1994, Journal of personality assessment.

[16]  John A. Johnson,et al.  Handbook of personality psychology. , 1997 .

[17]  A. Realo,et al.  Emotional Experience and Its Relation to the Five-Factor Model in Estonian , 1997 .

[18]  Ed Diener,et al.  Extraversion and happiness , 1990 .

[19]  R. Thayer.  The Origin of Everyday Moods: Managing Energy, Tension, and Stress , 1996 .

[20]  C. Izard,et al.  Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[21]  Peter Borkenau,et al.  Comparing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: A study on the 5-factor model of personality , 1990 .

[22]  D. Moskowitz,et al.  Reconceptualizing Stability , 1997 .

[23]  Paul T. Costa,et al.  Mood and personality in adulthood. , 1996 .

[24]  James Jaccard,et al.  Measurement error in the analysis of interaction effects between continuous predictors using multiple regression: Multiple indicator and structural equation approaches. , 1995 .

[25]  R. McFatter,et al.  Interactions in predicting mood from extraversion and neuroticism. , 1994, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[26]  P. Costa,et al.  Facet Scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness: A Revision of the NEO Personality Inventory☆ , 1991 .

[27]  P. Costa,et al.  Adding Liebe und Arbeit: The Full Five-Factor Model and Well-Being , 1991 .

[28]  J. Vaidya,et al.  The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence , 1999 .

[29]  P. Burke,et al.  Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the big five and Tellegen's three- and four-dimensional models. , 1994, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[30]  Charles S. Carver,et al.  Action, Emotion, and Personality: Emerging Conceptual Integration , 2000 .

[31]  R. Thayer,et al.  Multidimensional arousal states, diurnal rhythms, cognitive and social processes, and extraversion , 1988 .

[32]  Hans J. Eysenck,et al.  Four ways five factors are not basic , 1992 .

[33]  L. A. Pervin.  Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research , 1992 .

[34]  D. Watson,et al.  Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. , 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[35]  Richard E. Lucas,et al.  Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion. , 2000, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[36]  Michael W. Browne,et al.  Circumplex models for correlation matrices , 1992 .

[37]  D. Watson,et al.  On traits and temperament: general and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five-factor model. , 1992, Journal of personality.

[38]  R. Larsen,et al.  Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. , 1991, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[39]  Peter Burke,et al.  Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the big five and Tellegen's three- and four-dimensional models. , 1994 .

[40]  D. Green,et al.  Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[41]  J. M. Digman.  PERSONALITY STRUCTURE: EMERGENCE OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL , 1990 .

[42]  S. Mcfadden,et al.  Handbook of emotion, adult development, and aging , 1996 .

[43]  J. S. Wiggins,et al.  Personality Structure: The Return of the Big Five , 1997 .

[44]  L. Clark,et al.  Extraversion and Its Positive Emotional Core , 1997 .

[45]  M. Yik.  A circumplex model of affect and its relation to personality : a five-language study , 1999 .

[46]  E. Diener,et al.  An interactional approach to the study of personality and emotion. , 1986 .

[47]  E. Diener,et al.  The independence of positive and negative affect. , 1984, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[48]  D. Watson,et al.  Toward a consensual structure of mood. , 1985, Psychological bulletin.

[49]  J. Russell,et al.  An approach to environmental psychology , 1974 .

[50]  D. G. Williams.  Personality and mood: State-trait relationships , 1981 .

[51]  M. Eysenck,et al.  Personality and Individual Differences: A Natural Science Approach , 1985 .

[52]  J. M. Digman.  Higher-order factors of the Big Five. , 1997, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[53]  L. R. Goldberg.  The structure of phenotypic personality traits. , 1993, The American psychologist.

[54]  James M. Carroll,et al.  On the Psychometric Principles of Affect , 1999 .

[55]  Gregory J. Meyer,et al.  Structural convergence of mood and personality: Evidence for old and new directions. , 1989 .

[56]  P. Costa,et al.  Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. , 1980, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[57]  O. John.  The "Big Five" factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. , 1990 .

[58]  L. F. Barrett,et al.  Distinguishing Evaluation from Description in the Personality-Emotion Relationship , 2000 .

[59]  J. Gross,et al.  Relations between Affect and Personality: Support for the Affect-Level and Affective-Reactivity Views , 1998 .