Onset and Rime Awareness and Analogies in Reading.

It has been known for a long time that there is a strong relationship between a child's phonological awareness and that child's progress in reading (Bryant & Bradley, 1985; Calfee, Lindamood, & Lindamood, 1973; Cossu, Shankweiler, Liberman, Tola, & Katz, 1987; Liberman, Shankweiler, Fischer, & Carter, 1974; Lundberg, Frost, & Petersen, 1988; Maclean, Bryant, & Bradley, 1987; Rosner & Simon, 1971; Tunmer & Nesdale, 1985). It is also known that measures of rhyming and alliteration are especially strong predictors of later reading progress, as they still account for a significant proportion of the variance after other variables are partialed out of the equation (e.g., Bradley & Bryant, 1983; Bryant, Bradley, Maclean, & Crossland, 1989; Ellis & Large, 1987, Lundberg, Olofsson & Wall, 1980). For example, Bryant et al. (1989) showed that nursery rhyme knowledge at 3 years was related to reading ability at 6 years even after differences in social background and IQ were taken into account. Recently, Goswami & Bryant (1990) suggested that the linguistic units onset and rime may be crucial in explaining this robust link between rhyming and reading. Specifically, a child's ability to categorise words by onset-rime units (the onset of the word beak corresponds with the initial consonant, b-; the rime corresponds with the vowels and final consonant, -eak) may be related to that child's awareness of spelling sequences in words (Goswami, 1990; Goswami & Bryant, in press), and this may facilitate the development of reading. This hypothesis is based on the finding that children can make analogies between spelling patterns in words to help them to read new words. For example, children can use the spelling-sound pattern of a word like beak to make an inference about the sound of new

[1]  Lynette Bradley,et al.  Rhyme and reason in reading and spelling , 1985 .

[2]  M. Maclean.  Rhymes, nursery rhymes, and reading in early childhood. , 1987 .

[3]  Ingvar Lundberg,et al.  Reading and spelling skills in the first school years predicted from phonemic awareness skills in kindergarten , 1980 .

[4]  R. Treiman.  Onsets and rimes as units of spoken syllables: evidence from children. , 1985, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[5]  Ingvar Lundberg,et al.  Effects of an Extensive Program for Stimulating Phonological Awareness in Preschool Children. , 1988 .

[6]  P. Bryant,et al.  Rhyme, rime, and the onset of reading. , 1989, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[7]  R. Calfee,et al.  Acoustic-phonetic skills and reading--kindergarten through twelfth grade. , 1973, Journal of educational psychology.

[8]  U. Goswami.  Children's use of analogy in learning to read: A developmental study , 1986 .

[9]  P. Bryant,et al.  Nursery rhymes, phonological skills and reading , 1989, Journal of Child Language.

[10]  U. Goswami.  Orthographic Analogies and Reading Development , 1988 .

[11]  D. Shankweiler,et al.  Explicit Syllable and Phoneme Segmentation in the Young Child , 1974 .

[12]  U. Goswami,et al.  Phonological Skills and Learning to Read , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[13]  U. Goswami,et al.  A special link between rhyming skill and the use of orthographic analogies by beginning readers. , 1990, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[14]  Rebecca Treiman,et al.  Not all nonwords are alike: Implications for reading development and theory , 1990, Memory & cognition.

[15]  Jerome Rosner,et al.  The Auditory Analysis Test , 1971 .

[16]  G. Underwood.  Strategies of information processing , 1980 .

[17]  Paul Bertelson,et al.  Phonetic segmentation in prereaders: effect of corrective information , 1986 .

[18]  W. Tunmer,et al.  Phonemic segmentation skill and beginning reading. , 1985 .

[19]  P. Bryant,et al.  Categorizing sounds and learning to read—a causal connection , 1983, Nature.

[20]  Usha Goswami,et al.  Learning about Spelling Sequences: The Role of Onsets and Rimes in Analogies in Reading , 1991 .

[21]  M. Coltheart.  Lexical access in simple reading tasks , 1978 .

[22]  Allan Collins,et al.  Children's reading problems , 1979 .

[23]  N. Ellis,et al.  The development of reading: as you seek so shall you find. , 1987, British journal of psychology.