An overview of Culicoides control.

Although most of the research on ceratopogonid control has been directed at these biting flies as human pests, sufficient information is available to indicate the value of certain techniques in the suppression or control of bluetongue (BT) through Culicoides control. In areas where there is a limited number of larval development sites, larviciding or sanitation can be practiced by individual farmers or ranchers or by a small group of contiguous landowners. Where larval sites are more numerous or where large areas and many landowners are involved, vector control would need to be coordinated by a central agent or agency and would have to be coupled with other techniques aimed at the host animals or the virus into a totally integrated system of disease management.