Compositional construction of most general controllers

Given a system $${\fancyscript{A}}$$A and an objective $$\varPhi $$Φ, the task of controller synthesis is to design a decision making policy that ensures $$\varPhi $$Φ to be satisfied. This article deals with transition system-like system models and controllers that base their decisions on the observables of the actions performed so far. We present a framework for the compositional construction of controllers for conjunctive sequences of linear-time objectives in an online manner. For this approach, it is crucial that the controllers enforce the objectives in a most general manner, being as permissive as possible. We then present game-based algorithms for the construction of such most general controllers for invariance, reachability and $$\omega $$ω-regular objectives.

[1]  Krishnendu Chatterjee,et al.  Environment Assumptions for Synthesis , 2008, CONCUR.

[2]  John H. Reif,et al.  The Complexity of Two-Player Games of Incomplete Information , 1984, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[3]  Krishnendu Chatterjee,et al.  The Complexity of Partial-Observation Parity Games , 2010, LPAR.

[4]  Christel Baier,et al.  A Uniform Framework for Modeling and Verifying Components and Connectors , 2009, COORDINATION.

[5]  M. Rabin Automata on Infinite Objects and Church's Problem , 1972 .

[6]  Igor Walukiewicz,et al.  How much memory is needed to win infinite games? , 1997, Proceedings of Twelfth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science.

[7]  Bernd Puchala,et al.  Asynchronous Omega-Regular Games with Partial Information , 2010, MFCS.

[8]  P. S. Thiagarajan,et al.  Open Systems in Reactive Environments: Control and Synthesis , 2000, CONCUR.

[9]  W. M. Wonham,et al.  The control of discrete event systems , 1989, Proc. IEEE.

[10]  Jean-François Raskin,et al.  Compositional Algorithms for LTL Synthesis , 2010, ATVA.

[11]  Moshe Tennenholtz,et al.  Distributed Games , 1998, TARK.

[12]  Orna Kupfermant,et al.  Synthesis with Incomplete Informatio , 2000 .

[13]  S. Pinchinat,et al.  You can always compute maximally permissive controllers under partial observation when they exist , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005, American Control Conference, 2005..

[14]  Christel Baier,et al.  Formal Verification for Components and Connectors , 2009, FMCO.

[15]  Christel Baier,et al.  Modeling component connectors in Reo by constraint automata , 2004, Sci. Comput. Program..

[16]  Christel Baier,et al.  Modeling and Verification of Components and Connectors , 2011, SFM.

[17]  Dietmar Berwanger,et al.  On the Power of Imperfect Information , 2008, FSTTCS.

[18]  A. Pnueli,et al.  Effective synthesis of switching controllers for linear systems , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[19]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  On the synthesis of a reactive module , 1989, POPL '89.

[20]  Joachim Klein,et al.  Compositional synthesis and most general controllers , 2013 .

[21]  Klaus Schneider,et al.  Exploiting the Temporal Logic Hierarchy and the Non-Confluence Property for Efficient LTL Synthesis , 2010, GANDALF.

[22]  Krishnendu Chatterjee,et al.  Strategy construction for parity games with imperfect information , 2010, Inf. Comput..

[23]  J. R. Büchi,et al.  Solving sequential conditions by finite-state strategies , 1969 .

[24]  Jaco van de Pol,et al.  Computing Weakest Strategies for Safety Games of Imperfect Information , 2009, TACAS.

[25]  Roman Rabinovich,et al.  Down the Borel hierarchy: Solving Muller games via safety games , 2014, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[26]  Christel Baier,et al.  A Compositional Framework for Controller Synthesis , 2011, CONCUR.

[27]  Fred Kröger,et al.  Temporal Logic of Programs , 1987, EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science.

[28]  Gabriel Renault,et al.  Measuring Permissivity in Finite Games , 2009, CONCUR.

[29]  Orna Kupferman,et al.  Safraless Compositional Synthesis , 2006, CAV.

[30]  Christel Baier,et al.  Synthesis of Reo Connectors for Strategies and Controllers , 2014, Fundam. Informaticae.

[31]  Moshe Y. Vardi An Automata-Theoretic Approach to Fair Realizability and Synthesis , 1995, CAV.

[32]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  Synthesis of Reactive(1) Designs , 2006, VMCAI.

[33]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  Symbolic Controller Synthesis for Discrete and Timed Systems , 1994, Hybrid Systems.

[34]  Orna Kupferman,et al.  Synthesis of Trigger Properties , 2010, LPAR.

[35]  Enrico Tronci,et al.  Model-based synthesis of control software from system-level formal specifications , 2011, TSEM.

[36]  Alonzo Church,et al.  Logic, arithmetic, and automata , 1962 .

[37]  Bernd Finkbeiner,et al.  Reactive Safety , 2011, GandALF.

[38]  Orna Kupferman,et al.  Environment-Friendly Safety , 2012, Haifa Verification Conference.

[39]  Jaco van de Pol,et al.  Compositional Control Synthesis for Partially Observable Systems , 2009, CONCUR.

[40]  Roderick Bloem,et al.  Anzu: A Tool for Property Synthesis , 2007, CAV.

[41]  Farhad Arbab,et al.  Reo: A Channel-based Coordination Model for Component Composition , 2005 .

[42]  Amir Pnueli,et al.  Distributed reactive systems are hard to synthesize , 1990, Proceedings [1990] 31st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science.

[43]  E. Allen Emerson,et al.  The complexity of tree automata and logics of programs , 1988, [Proceedings 1988] 29th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science.

[44]  Fabio Somenzi,et al.  Safety first: a two-stage algorithm for the synthesis of reactive systems , 2012, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[45]  Andreas Morgenstern,et al.  Symbolic controller synthesis for LTL specifications , 2010 .

[46]  Thomas Wilke,et al.  Automata Logics, and Infinite Games , 2002, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[47]  Igor Walukiewicz,et al.  Distributed Games , 2003, FSTTCS.

[48]  Igor Walukiewicz,et al.  Permissive strategies: from parity games to safety games , 2002, RAIRO Theor. Informatics Appl..

[49]  Roderick Bloem,et al.  Optimizations for LTL Synthesis , 2006, 2006 Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design.

[50]  Krishnendu Chatterjee,et al.  Algorithms for Omega-Regular Games with Imperfect Information , 2006, Log. Methods Comput. Sci..

[51]  Martín Abadi,et al.  Realizable and Unrealizable Specifications of Reactive Systems , 1989, ICALP.

[52]  P. Ramadge,et al.  Supervisory control of a class of discrete event processes , 1987 .

[53]  Patricia Bouyer,et al.  Measuring Permissiveness in Parity Games: Mean-Payoff Parity Games Revisited , 2011, ATVA.

[54]  Wolfgang Thomas,et al.  Languages, Automata, and Logic , 1997, Handbook of Formal Languages.