Cellular biosensing system for assessing immunomodulating effects on the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cascade

A cellular biosensing system has been constructed to assess the biological safety/toxicity of chemicals. Detection of nitric oxide (NO) by the cellular biosensing system was used as a readout for assessing the immunomodulating effects of various chemicals, because some are known to induce NO synthase (iNOS) activity thereby increasing NO production. The macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7, was cultured on the electrode coated with a polyion complex layer. The potent immune activating abilities of lipopolysaccharide could be verified by the cellular biosensing system: NO release from cells was detected within 600 ms by double potential step chronoamperometry.

[1]  S. Moncada,et al.  Increased concentrations of nitrite in synovial fluid and serum samples suggest increased nitric oxide synthesis in rheumatic diseases. , 1992, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[2]  S. Abramson,et al.  The role of nitric oxide in inflammation and immunity. , 1998, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[3]  S. Archer,et al.  Measurement of nitric oxide in biological models , 1993, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[4]  P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli,et al.  Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. , 1998, Science.

[5]  M. Heneka,et al.  Induction of Argininosuccinate Synthetase in Rat Brain Glial Cells after Striatal Microinjection of Immunostimulants , 1999, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[6]  C. Nathan,et al.  Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells , 1989, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[7]  Y. Hirata,et al.  Nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in inflammatory arthritides. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  T. Malinski,et al.  Nitric oxide release from a single cell measured in situ by a porphyrinic-based microsensor , 1992, Nature.

[9]  Yukari Sato,et al.  Rapid measurement of transaminase activities using an amperometric l-glutamate-sensing electrode based on a glutamate oxidase–polyion complex-bilayer membrane , 1998 .

[10]  S. Snyder,et al.  Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.