A mathematical model of the cardiovascular system under graded exercise levels

This paper presents a nonlinear cardiovascular model for the study of cardiovascular response during graded exercise. There are two major innovations embedded in this model. Firstly, by tuning only three parameters, all major cardiovascular variables were accurately reproduced. Secondly, a robust and efficient function, which was built up using Support Vector Machine Regression, was added to the model to estimate metabolic demand. Experimental results for ten untrained males indicated that the established model is accurate in the sense that its predicted output was in good agreement with the measured data.

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