Splitting and merging components of a nonconjugate Dirichlet process mixture model

Abstract. The inferential problem of associating data to mixture components is difficult when components are nearby or overlapping. We introduce a new split-merge Markov chain Monte Carlo technique that efficiently classifies observations by splitting and merging mixture components of a nonconjugate Dirichlet process mixture model. Our method, which is a Metropolis-Hastings procedure with split-merge proposals, samples clusters of observations simultaneously rather than incrementally assigning observations to mixture components. Split-merge moves are produced by exploiting properties of a restricted Gibbs sampling scan. A simulation study compares the new split-merge technique to a nonconjugate version of Gibbs sampling and an incremental MetropolisHastings technique. The results demonstrate the improved performance of the new sampler.