Progress and Demonstrations on Space Division Multiplexing

As optical networks urgently seek for extra capacity, Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) seems to be able to provide it. SDM can deploy multiple spatial channels in multi-core (MCFs) and/or multi-mode fibers (MMFs), and so, can increase the total transmission capacity. Specific integrated and scalable components will be needed to support the new multiplexing technology. In this paper we present a brief survey of recent progress in SDM and a taxonomy of up to date SDM experimental demonstrations and SDM network components. Finally we are discussing SDM research challenges and address fields of future interest.

[1]  B Zhu,et al.  112-Tb/s space-division multiplexed DWDM transmission with 14-b/s/Hz aggregate spectral efficiency over a 76.8-km seven-core fiber. , 2011, Optics express.

[2]  A. E. Korolev,et al.  Multicore fiber with rectangular cross-section. , 2014, Optics letters.

[3]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  708-km Combined WDM/SDM Transmission over Few-Mode Fiber Supporting 12 Spatial and Polarization Modes , 2013 .

[4]  David J Richardson,et al.  Filling the Light Pipe , 2010, Science.

[5]  Takashi Sasaki,et al.  125-µm-cladding 8-core multi-core fiber realizing ultra-high-density cable suitable for O-band short-reach optical interconnects , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[6]  K. M. Chung,et al.  88×3×112-Gb/s WDM transmission over 50 km of three-mode fiber with inline few-mode fiber amplifier , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[7]  P. Sillard,et al.  Design and fabrication of weakly-coupled few-modes fibers , 2012, 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series.

[8]  Haoshuo Chen,et al.  30×30 MIMO transmission over 15 spatial modes , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[9]  Y. Sasaki,et al.  Multicore fibre-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer for three-mode operation of LP01, LP11a, and LP11b , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[10]  Takayuki Kobayashi,et al.  2 × 344 Tb/s propagation-direction interleaved transmission over 1500-km MCF enhanced by multicarrier full electric-field digital back-propagation , 2013 .

[11]  T. Kawanishi,et al.  109-Tb/s (7×97×172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSK transmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-core fiber , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[12]  René-Jean Essiambre,et al.  Capacity Trends and Limits of Optical Communication Networks , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[13]  N. Wada,et al.  Realizing a 36-core, 3-mode fiber with 108 spatial channels , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[14]  H. Takara,et al.  Dense Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Over Multicore and Multimode Fiber for Long-haul Transport Systems , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  M. Oguma,et al.  Dense SDM (12-core × 3-mode) transmission over 527 km with 33.2-ns mode-dispersion employing low-complexity parallel MIMO frequency-domain equalization , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[16]  Dimitra Simeonidou,et al.  Survey and Evaluation of Space Division Multiplexing: From Technologies to Optical Networks , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[17]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  Mode-dependent loss, gain, and noise in MIMO-SDM systems , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[18]  Songnian Fu,et al.  Polarization-maintaining few mode fiber composed of a central circular-hole and an elliptical-ring core , 2017 .

[19]  T A Birks,et al.  Ultrafast laser inscription of a 121-waveguide fan-out for astrophotonics. , 2012, Optics letters.

[20]  David J. Richardson,et al.  Recent progress in SDM amplifiers , 2017, OPTO.

[21]  H. Takara,et al.  120.7-Tb/s (7 SDM/180 WDM/95.8 Gb/s) MCF-ROPA un epeatered transmission of PDM-32QAM channels over 204 km , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[22]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  12-core × 3-mode dense space division multiplexed transmission over 40 km employing multi-carrier signals with parallel MIMO equalization , 2014, OFC 2014.

[23]  Krzysztof Walkowiak,et al.  Survey of resource allocation schemes and algorithms in spectrally-spatially flexible optical networking , 2018, Opt. Switch. Netw..

[24]  K. Petermann,et al.  Splice loss requirements in multi-mode fiber mode-division-multiplex transmission links. , 2013, Optics express.

[25]  Naoya Wada,et al.  19-core MCF transmission system using EDFA with shared core pumping coupled via free-space optics. , 2014, Optics express.

[26]  Danna Zhou,et al.  d. , 1934, Microbial pathogenesis.

[27]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  114 space-division-multiplexed transmission over 9.8-km weakly-coupled-6-mode uncoupled-19-core fibers , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[28]  L. Gruner-Nielsen,et al.  72-Tb/s transmission over 179-km all-fiber 6-mode span with two cladding pumped in-line amplifiers , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[29]  Manabu Arikawa,et al.  Crosstalk reduction using bidirectional signal assignment over square lattice structure 16-core fiber for gradual upgrade of SSMF-based lines , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[30]  N. Treps,et al.  Efficient and mode selective spatial mode multiplexer based on multi-plane light conversion , 2014, 2014 IEEE Photonics Conference.

[31]  Y. Miyamoto,et al.  High-density multicore fiber with heterogeneous core arrangement , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[32]  Naoya Wada,et al.  SDM-WDM hybrid reconfigurable add-drop nodes for self-homodyne photonic networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series.

[33]  P. Sillard,et al.  Few-Mode Fibers for Mode-Division-Multiplexed Systems , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[34]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  High-Spatial-Multiplicity Multicore Fibers for Future Dense Space-Division-Multiplexing Systems , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[35]  Young Kie Kim,et al.  All-fiber mode division multiplexer optimized for C-band , 2014, Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition.

[36]  Ting Wang,et al.  MIMO-less space division multiplexing with elliptical core optical fibers , 2017, 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[37]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  Digital Signal Processing for Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM) Transmission , 2019, 2019 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC).

[38]  B. Lankl,et al.  41.6 Tb/s C-band SDM OFDM transmission through 12 spatial and polarization modes over 74.17 km few mode fiber , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[39]  Haoshuo Chen,et al.  Silicon Photonic Integrated Mode Multiplexer and Demultiplexer , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[40]  A. Gnauck,et al.  32-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency WDM transmission over 177-km few-mode fiber , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[41]  Yusuke Sasaki,et al.  Large-effective-area ten-core fiber with cladding diameter of about 200 μm. , 2011, Optics letters.

[42]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  1.01-Pb/s (12 SDM/222 WDM/456 Gb/s) Crosstalk-managed Transmission with 91.4-b/s/Hz Aggregate Spectral Efficiency , 2012 .

[43]  A. Gnauck,et al.  Mode-Division Multiplexing Over 96 km of Few-Mode Fiber Using Coherent 6 $\,\times\,$6 MIMO Processing , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[44]  Haoshuo Chen,et al.  Multi-mode optical fiber amplifier supporting over 10 spatial modes , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[45]  H. de Waardt,et al.  1 Km hole-assisted few-mode multi-core fiber 32QAM WDM transmission , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[46]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  DMD-Unmanaged Long-Haul SDM Transmission Over 2500-km 12-Core × 3-Mode MC-FMF and 6300-km 3-Mode FMF Employing Intermodal Interference Canceling Technique , 2019, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[47]  Ting Wang,et al.  1.2-Tb/s MIMO-less transmission over 1 km of four-core elliptical-core few-mode fiber with 125-µm diameter cladding , 2016, 2016 21st OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) held jointly with 2016 International Conference on Photonics in Switching (PS).

[48]  Giannis Tzimas,et al.  Analyzing ROADM costs in SDM networks , 2020, 2020 11th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA.

[49]  A. M. Velazquez-Benitez,et al.  10-Mode mode-multiplexed transmission over 125-km single-span multimode fiber , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[50]  Zhongqi Pan,et al.  Space division multiplexing optical communication using few-mode fibers , 2017 .

[51]  I. Morita,et al.  51.1-Tbit/s MCF transmission over 2,520 km using cladding pumped 7-core EDFAs , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[52]  Tatsuhiko Watanabe,et al.  Over 300 channels uncoupled few-mode multi-core fiber for space division multiplexing , 2014, OFC 2014.

[53]  Mark Shtaif,et al.  Modeling and performance metrics of MIMO-SDM systems with different amplification schemes in the presence of mode-dependent loss. , 2015, Optics express.

[54]  G. Raybon,et al.  305-km combined wavelength and mode-multiplexed transmission over conventional graded-index multimode fibre , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[55]  T. Sakamoto,et al.  Six-LP-mode transmission fiber with DMD of less than 70 ps/km over C+L band , 2014, OFC 2014.

[56]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  High-spatial-multiplicity multi-core fibres for future dense space-division-multiplexing system , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[57]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  Dense space division multiplexed transmission technology , 2015, 2015 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO).

[58]  Yutaka Miyamoto,et al.  High-capacity dense space division multiplexing transmission , 2017 .

[59]  Toshio Morioka,et al.  32-core Inline Multicore Fiber Amplifier for Dense Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Systems: Post Deadline session. , 2016 .

[60]  N. K. Fontaine,et al.  Distributed Raman amplification based transmission over 1050-km few-mode fiber , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[61]  D. J. Richardson,et al.  32-core Dense SDM unidirectional transmission of PDM-16QAM signals over 1600 km using crosstalk-managed single-mode heterogeneous multicore transmission line , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[62]  A D Ellis,et al.  73.7 Tb/s (96 x 3 x 256-Gb/s) mode-division-multiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA. , 2012, Optics express.

[63]  Koji Yamada,et al.  Monolithically integrated mode multiplexer/de-multiplexer on three-dimensional SiOx-waveguide platform , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[64]  M. Koshiba,et al.  409-Tb/s + 409-Tb/s crosstalk suppressed bidirectional MCF transmission over 450 km using propagation-direction interleaving. , 2013, Optics express.

[65]  I. Morita,et al.  2.05 Peta-bit/s super-nyquist-WDM SDM transmission using 9.8-km 6-mode 19-core fiber in full C band , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[66]  Yusuke Sasaki,et al.  Few-mode multicore fibre with 36 spatial modes (Three modes (LP01, LP11a, LP11b) ×12 cores) , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[67]  Benyuan Zhu,et al.  Long distance transmission in few-mode fibers. , 2010, Optics express.

[68]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  1.03-Exabit/s.km Super-Nyquist-WDM Transmission over 7,326-km Seven-Core Fiber , 2013 .

[69]  Giannis Tzimas,et al.  Multiple Path Load Balancing for TCP Large Scale Networks , 2019, 2019 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA).

[70]  K. Takenaga,et al.  Reduction of crosstalk by trench-assisted multi-core fiber , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[71]  Alexander Argyros,et al.  Photonic lanterns: a study of light propagation in multimode to single-mode converters. , 2010, Optics express.

[72]  N. Wada,et al.  19-core fiber transmission of 19×100×172-Gb/s SDM-WDM-PDM-QPSK signals at 305Tb/s , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[73]  N. Riesen,et al.  Few-Mode Elliptical-Core Fiber Data Transmission , 2012, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[74]  N. Wada,et al.  2.15 Pb/s transmission using a 22 core homogeneous single-mode multi-core fiber and wideband optical comb , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[75]  Stacked waveguide type mode-evolutional multi/demultiplexer for LP01 LP11a and LP11b , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[76]  David J. Richardson,et al.  Reconfigurable Modal Gain Control of a Few-Mode EDFA Supporting Six Spatial Modes , 2014, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[77]  S. Chandrasekhar,et al.  Space-division multiplexed transmission over 3×3 coupled-core multicore fiber , 2014, OFC 2014.

[78]  Ming-Jun Li,et al.  Multicore fiber for optical interconnect applications , 2012, 2012 17th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference.

[79]  Tsuyoshi Murata,et al.  {m , 1934, ACML.

[80]  Hiroaki Harai,et al.  First demonstration of software defined networking (SDN) over space division multiplexing (SDM) optical networks , 2013 .

[81]  S. Randel,et al.  Space-division multiplexed transmission over 4200-km 3-core microstructured fiber , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[82]  Yutaka Miyamoto Crosstalk-managed multicore fiber transmission with the capacity beyond 1 Pbit/s , 2013 .

[83]  Hidehiko Takara,et al.  Three-mode multi/demultiplexing experiment using PLC mode multiplexer and its application to 2+1 mode bi-directional optical communication , 2013, IEICE Electron. Express.

[84]  K. Takenaga,et al.  Remotely pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier system with high pumping efficiency , 2013, 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series.

[85]  Yusuke Sasaki,et al.  Investigation of crosstalk dependencies on bending radius of heterogeneous multicore fiber , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[86]  Robert Lingle,et al.  Combined SDM and WDM transmission over 700-km Few-Mode Fiber , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[87]  E. Ip,et al.  146λ × 6 × 19-Gbaud Wavelength-and Mode-Division Multiplexed Transmission Over 10 × 50-km Spans of Few-Mode Fiber With a Gain-Equalized Few-Mode EDFA , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[88]  Joseph M. Kahn,et al.  MIMO DSP complexity in mode-division multiplexing , 2015, 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[89]  F. Poletti,et al.  Cladding pumped few-mode EDFA for mode division multiplexed transmission. , 2014, Optics express.

[90]  T. Mizuno,et al.  Low-loss and Low-DMD few-mode multi-core fiber with highest core multiplicity factor , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[91]  Charalampos Papapavlou,et al.  ROADM Configuration, Management and Cost Analysis in the Future Era of SDM Networking , 2020, 2020 11th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF).

[92]  Maxim Kuschnerov,et al.  20 x 960 Gb/s MDM-DP-32QAM transmission over 60km FMF with inline MM-EDFA , 2013 .

[93]  Neda Cvijetic,et al.  SDM transmission of real-time 10GbE traffic using commercial SFP + transceivers over 0.5km elliptical-core few-mode fiber. , 2015, Optics express.

[94]  Takehiro Tsuritani,et al.  Ultra-Long-Haul High-Capacity Super-Nyquist-WDM Transmission Experiment Using Multi-Core Fibers , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[95]  Manabu Arikawa,et al.  Reduction of influence of inter-core cross-talk in MCF with bidirectional assignment between neighboring cores , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[96]  X. Yi,et al.  Terabit Mode Division Multiplexing Discrete Multitone Signal Transmission Over OM2 Multimode Fiber , 2020, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[97]  S. Chandrasekhar,et al.  1705-km transmission over coupled-core fibre supporting 6 spatial modes , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[98]  Ryo Nagase How to connect multicore and multimode fibers , 2014, OFC 2014.