The Bioavailability of Lead in Mining Wastes: Physical/Chemical Considerations

AbstractIn this paper we review the physiological and geochemical factors affecting lead bioavailability, and particularly, the unique physical/chemical properties of lead derived from mining wastes based on both theory and empirical observations. The relationship between blood lead levels and soil lead concentrations derived from epidemiological studies indicates that lead in soil from mining sites appears to have less of an effect on blood lead levels in children than does lead at urban sites or sites with an active lead smelter. Differences in bioavailability of various lead species offers a plausible explanation for the relative differences in their impact on blood lead. In this paper, we evaluate from a physiological viewpoint aqueous solubility, absorption/desorption processes, and uptake mechanisms that may control lead bioavailability within the Gl tract. A number of these processes, including the role of passive diffusion, competition with calcium for a common transport mechanism, and the role of...

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