Smartphones as M2M gateways in smart cities IoT applications

Smart Cities are a key application domain for the Internet of Things (IoT), and it is coming nearer everyday through pilot trials and deployments in various cities around the world. In Porto, Portugal, a city-wide IoT Living Lab emerged after we deployed several testbeds, e.g. harbour and a city-scale vehicular networks, and carried out various experiments with the SenseMyCity crowdsensor. In this paper, we discuss how a standard Machine-to-Machine (M2M) middleware is a key enabler of our e-health platform and SenseMyCity crowdsensor, powered by the use of smartphones as M2M gateways. M2M standards provided by ETSI/oneM2M are essential for a paradigm shift, aiming at making the IoT truly interoperable without the need for human intervention. In this work, we map two applications that rely on the role of a smartphone as a gateway, which acts as a proxy to connect legacy devices to the IoT using a standard middleware. We illustrate the advantages of using M2M, and, as a proof-of-concept, we measure and quantify the energy savings obtained, showing improvements of smartphones' battery life.

[1]  Alan Chamberlain,et al.  Sense of space: mapping physiological emotion response in urban space , 2013, UbiComp.

[2]  Carlos Pereira,et al.  Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges , 2014, Sensors.

[3]  Pedro Brandão,et al.  Integrating data and network standards into an interoperable e-Health solution , 2014, 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom).

[4]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[5]  Carsten Bormann,et al.  The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) , 2014, RFC.

[6]  Yong-Geun Hong,et al.  CoAP Endpoint Unit Identification for Multiple Sensor and Actuator in a Node , 2014 .

[7]  Joerg Swetina,et al.  Toward a standardized common M2M service layer platform: Introduction to oneM2M , 2014, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[8]  Mario Kusek,et al.  Architecture and functionality in M2M standards , 2015, 2015 38th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO).

[9]  João Barros,et al.  SenseMyCity: Crowdsourcing an Urban Sensor , 2014, ArXiv.

[10]  João Barros,et al.  A mobile sensing architecture for massive urban scanning , 2011, 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).

[11]  P. Nijkamp,et al.  Smart Cities in Europe , 2011 .

[12]  R. Fielding,et al.  Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures (CHAPTER 5) , 2000 .