Comparative Toxicity of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Emissions

Better information on the comparative toxicity of airborne emissions from different types of engines is needed to guide the development of heavy vehicle engine, fuel, lubricant, and exhaust after-treatment technologies, and to place the health hazards of current heavy vehicle emissions in their proper perspective. To help fill this information gap, samples of vehicle exhaust particles and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) were collected and analyzed. The biological activity of the combined particle-SVOC samples is being tested using standardized toxicity assays. This report provides an update on the design of experiments to test the relative toxicity of engine emissions from various sources.

[1]  C. Sioutas,et al.  Alveolar macrophage interaction with air pollution particulates. , 1997, Environmental health perspectives.

[2]  J. Seagrave,et al.  Multiple modes of responses to air pollution particulate materials in A549 alveolar type II cells. , 2001, Inhalation toxicology.

[3]  J. M. Norbeck,et al.  Evaluation of factors that affect diesel exhaust toxicity. Final report , 1998 .

[4]  H Frumkin,et al.  Diesel Exhaust , 2020, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[5]  H. Bayram,et al.  The effect of diesel exhaust particles on cell function and release of inflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. , 1998, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[6]  F. Pooley,et al.  The response of lung epithelium to well characterised fine particles. , 1998, Life sciences.

[7]  J. Neher,et al.  Health effects of outdoor air pollution. , 1994, American family physician.

[8]  J L Mauderly,et al.  Comparative Pulmonary Toxicities and Carcinogenicities of Chronically Inhaled Diesel Exhaust and Carban Black in F344 Rats , 1995, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[9]  T. Standiford,et al.  Interleukin-8 (IL-8): the major neutrophil chemotactic factor in the lung. , 1991, Experimental lung research.

[10]  Michael Gurevich,et al.  Progress in Understanding the Toxicity of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions , 1999 .

[11]  R. Devlin,et al.  Stimulation of human and rat alveolar macrophages by urban air particulates: effects on oxidant radical generation and cytokine production. , 1996, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[12]  S. Kunkel,et al.  TNF alpha and increased chemokine expression in rat lung after particle exposure. , 1995, Toxicology letters.

[13]  A. Imrich,et al.  Lung epithelial cell (A549) interaction with unopsonized environmental particulates: quantitation of particle-specific binding and IL-8 production. , 1996, Experimental lung research.

[14]  Steven L. Kunkel,et al.  TNFα and increased chemokine expression in rat lung after particle exposure , 1995 .

[15]  P G Mulder,et al.  Relationship between enzymatic markers of pulmonary cell damage and cellular profile: a study in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. , 1999, Experimental lung research.

[16]  J N Finkelstein.  Physiologic and toxicologic responses of alveolar type II cells. , 1990, Toxicology.

[17]  S K Gupta,et al.  Alteration of epithelial integrity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and fibronectin expression in lungs of rats exposed to ozone. , 1999, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[18]  C F Donner,et al.  Lung alkaline phosphatase as a marker of fibrosis in chronic interstitial disorders. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[19]  R. Henderson,et al.  Source of alkaline phosphatase activity in epithelial lining fluid of normal and injured F344 rat lungs. , 1995, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[20]  V. Castranova,et al.  Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from rat alveolar macrophages. , 1997, Experimental lung research.

[21]  G. Oberdörster,et al.  Intratracheal inhalation vs intratracheal instillation: differences in particle effects. , 1997, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[22]  K. Ohta,et al.  Diesel exhaust particles stimulate human airway epithelial cells to produce cytokines relevant to airway inflammation in vitro. , 1998, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[23]  W. MacNee,et al.  In vivo and in vitro proinflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). , 1997, Environmental health perspectives.

[24]  Jacob N. Filkelstein.  Physiologic and toxicologic responses of alveolar type II cells. , 1990 .

[25]  J. Finkelstein,et al.  Particulate-cell interactions and pulmonary cytokine expression. , 1997, Environmental health perspectives.

[26]  L D Claxton,et al.  Development of a standard reference material for diesel mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay. , 1997, Mutation research.

[27]  Kevin E. Driscoll,et al.  Cytokine and Growth Factor Release by Alveolar Macrophages: Potential Biomarkers of Pulmonary Toxicity 1 , 1991, Toxicologic pathology.

[28]  Caroll-Ann W. Goldsmith,,et al.  Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma: A Review of Epidemiological and Biological Studies , 1999, Reviews on environmental health.

[29]  M. Sagai,et al.  Biological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). II. Acute toxicity of DEP introduced into lung by intratracheal instillation. , 1995, Toxicology.

[30]  S. Kudoh,et al.  Diesel exhaust particles induce NF-kappa B activation in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro: importance in cytokine transcription. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[31]  G. Thurston,et al.  A critical review of PM10-mortality time-series studies. , 1996, Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology.

[32]  Ken Nelson,et al.  COMPOSITION OF LIGHT-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE DENVER, COLORADO AREA , 1999 .