Anterior segment imaging-based subdivision of subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify whether it was possible to subdivide subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) imaging, and to determine the characteristics of such subgroups.MethodsWe evaluated 210 subjects with PACG. All subjects underwent gonioscopy and ASOCT imaging. Customized software was used to measure ASOCT parameters. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was first used to determine the optimum number of parameters to be included in the determination of subgroups. Then, the best number of subgroups was determined using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) methods.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 67.9 years, and 53.3% were female. Following the hierarchical clustering, four parameters (iris area, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), and lens vault (LV)) were chosen to be representative of related parameters. The optimal number of subgroups using GMM analysis and AIC was 3. Subgroup 1 (N=89; 42.4%) was characterized by a large iris area, subgroup 2 (N=24; 11.4%) by a large LV and a shallow ACD, whereas subgroup 3 (N=97; 46.2%) displayed only intermediate values across iris area, LV, and ACD.ConclusionsWe identified three distinct subgroups of PACG subjects based on ASOCT imaging.

[1]  Philippe Denis,et al.  Optical coherence tomography quantitative analysis of iris volume changes after pharmacologic mydriasis. , 2010, Ophthalmology.

[2]  Philip Chan,et al.  Determining the number of clusters/segments in hierarchical clustering/segmentation algorithms , 2004, 16th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence.

[3]  D. Friedman,et al.  Quantitative iris parameters and association with narrow angles. , 2010, Ophthalmology.

[4]  Clifford M. Hurvich,et al.  Regression and time series model selection in small samples , 1989 .

[5]  H. Quigley,et al.  Comparison of dynamic changes in anterior ocular structures examined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography in a cohort of various origins. , 2014, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[6]  Ning Li Wang,et al.  Quantitative analysis of iris changes following mydriasis in subjects with different mechanisms of angle closure. , 2015, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[7]  D. Friedman,et al.  Lens vault, thickness, and position in Chinese subjects with angle closure. , 2011, Ophthalmology.

[8]  T. Wong,et al.  Glaucoma in Asia: regional prevalence variations and future projections , 2015, British Journal of Ophthalmology.

[9]  Geoffrey J. McLachlan,et al.  Finite Mixture Models , 2019, Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application.

[10]  Tin Aung,et al.  Changes in anterior segment morphology after laser peripheral iridotomy: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study. , 2012, Ophthalmology.

[11]  Tin Aung,et al.  Increased lens vault as a risk factor for angle closure: confirmation in a Japanese population , 2012, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.

[12]  Tin Aung,et al.  Association of narrow angles with anterior chamber area and volume measured with anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. , 2011, Archives of ophthalmology.

[13]  R. Ritch,et al.  Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI): an update. , 2007, Survey of ophthalmology.

[14]  Tin Aung,et al.  Determinants of anterior chamber depth: the Singapore Chinese Eye Study. , 2012, Ophthalmology.

[15]  M. He,et al.  Association between baseline iris thickness and prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy outcomes in primary angle-closure suspects. , 2014, Ophthalmology.

[16]  Li Cheng,et al.  Subgrouping of primary angle-closure suspects based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters. , 2013, Ophthalmology.

[17]  Seungbong Han,et al.  Outcomes of laser peripheral iridotomy in angle closure subgroups according to anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters. , 2014, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[18]  D. Walton,et al.  Angle-closure glaucoma: the role of the lens in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. , 2009, Survey of ophthalmology.

[19]  T. Aung,et al.  Blindness and long-term progression of visual field defects in chinese patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma. , 2011, American journal of ophthalmology.

[20]  D. Machin,et al.  The prevalence of glaucoma in Chinese residents of Singapore: a cross-sectional population survey of the Tanjong Pagar district. , 2000, Archives of ophthalmology.

[21]  Tin Aung,et al.  Longitudinal changes of angle configuration in primary angle-closure suspects: the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial. , 2014, Ophthalmology.

[22]  Mingguang He,et al.  Iris Cross-sectional Area Decreases With Pupil Dilation and its Dynamic Behavior is a Risk Factor in Angle Closure , 2009, Journal of glaucoma.

[23]  J. Folch,et al.  Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects. Biometric and Gonioscopic Outcomes: The Liwan Eye Study , 2007 .

[24]  J. H. Ward Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function , 1963 .

[25]  Geoffrey J. McLachlan,et al.  Multivariate Normal Mixtures , 2005 .

[26]  D. Friedman,et al.  Determinants of angle width in Chinese Singaporeans. , 2012, Ophthalmology.