A numerical study of wave propagation excited by a Lamb wave phased array

Recent collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis on August 1, 2007 raised public concern enormously regarding the structural safety of highway bridges. However, the maintenance, which is mostly performed by visual inspection, is very expensive and labor intensive process. The structural health monitoring system has been developed to monitor the integrity of those structures effectively. Although the two-dimensional numerical simulation has been widely used for the last decade, the three-dimensional simulation is indispensable for the development of a Lamb wave phased array system. We develop a virtual Lamb wave phased array considering three-dimensional coupled numerical models of metal plates and PZT patch arrays using finite element methods. The optimized geometry and operation techniques are investigated for the focusing of Lamb waves by Lead-Zirconate-titanate (PZT) arrays.

[1]  J. Miklowitz,et al.  The Theory of Elastic Waves and Waveguides , 1979 .

[2]  Zhongqing Su,et al.  Fundamental Lamb Mode-based Delamination Detection for CF/EP Composite Laminates Using Distributed Piezoelectrics , 2004 .

[3]  J. Achenbach.  Wave propagation in elastic solids , 1962 .

[4]  V. Giurgiutiu.  Tuned Lamb Wave Excitation and Detection with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring , 2005 .

[5]  V. Giurgiutiu,et al.  In situ 2-D piezoelectric wafer active sensors arrays for guided wave damage detection. , 2008, Ultrasonics.

[6]  P. Cawley,et al.  A two-dimensional Fourier transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals , 1991 .

[7]  Charles R. Farrar,et al.  Computation of structural flexibility for bridge health monitoring using ambient modal data , 1996 .

[8]  Ayech Benjeddou,et al.  Advances in piezoelectric finite element modeling of adaptive structural elements: a survey , 2000 .

[9]  Robert L. Reid.  The Infrastructure Crisis , 2008 .

[10]  D. Chimenti.  Guided Waves in Plates and Their Use in Materials Characterization , 1997 .

[11]  Stephen W. Smith,et al.  Beam Steering with Linear Arrays , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[12]  R. Lerch.  Finite element analysis of piezoelectric transducers , 1988, IEEE 1988 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings..

[13]  B. Khuri-Yakub,et al.  Plate thickness and transducer distance dual inversion with dry contact ultrasonic Lamb wave transducers , 1997, 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118).

[14]  K. Bathe,et al.  An Iterative Finite Element Procedure for the Analysis of Piezoelectric Continua , 1995 .

[15]  S. Rokhlin.  Lamb wave interaction with lap-shear adhesive joints : theory and experiment , 1991 .

[16]  J. Faran.  Sound Scattering by Solid Cylinders and Spheres , 1951 .

[17]  Najib N. Abboud,et al.  Finite element modeling for ultrasonic transducers , 1998, Medical Imaging.

[18]  Wei Zhao,et al.  Active sensor wave propagation health monitoring of beam and plate structures , 2001, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.

[19]  M. Hinders,et al.  Guided wave helical ultrasonic tomography of pipes. , 2003, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[20]  S.R. Ghorayeb,et al.  Application of a beamforming technique to ultrasound imaging in nondestructive testing , 1994, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[21]  Shi-Chang Wooh,et al.  Beam focusing behavior of linear phased arrays , 2000 .

[22]  E. Crawley,et al.  Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures , 1987 .

[23]  X. Wang,et al.  Scattering of Lamb waves by a circular cylinder. , 2001, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[24]  B. Aalami,et al.  Waves in Prismatic Guides of Arbitrary Cross Section , 1973 .

[25]  H. Lamb.  On waves in an elastic plate , 1917 .

[26]  P. Cawley,et al.  The interaction of Lamb waves with defects , 1992, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[27]  Jan Drewes Achenbach,et al.  3-D reflection and transmission of sound by an array of rods , 1988 .

[28]  Carlos E. S. Cesnik,et al.  Finite-dimensional piezoelectric transducer modeling for guided wave based structural health monitoring , 2005 .

[29]  B. Culshaw,et al.  Broadband Lamb wave measurements in aluminium and carbon/glass fibre reinforced composite materials using non-contacting laser generation and detection , 1997 .

[30]  Keith Worden,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING METHODOLOGY: PART I. NOVELTY DETECTION ON A LABORATORY STRUCTURE , 2003 .

[31]  K. Bathe.  Finite Element Procedures , 1995 .