Weathering characteristics of bamboo (Phyllostachys puberscence) exposed to outdoors for one year

The 1–3-year-old bamboo (Phyllostachys puberscence) culms were exposed to ambient weathering conditions for 12 months. Changes in color, surface topography, and chemical features of bamboo culms by weathering were investigated. Changes in the surface color of culms increased sharply in the first 3 months weathering and then slowly decreased compared to control culms. Surface checks developed more markedly in the 2- and 3-year-old bamboos than in the 1-year-old ones. The depth of erosion was extended up to 150 µm from the outer surface of culms. Solid-state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infra-red) spectra showed that the lignin and hemicelluloses of bamboo culms were preferentially affected by natural weathering, while crystalline cellulose remained relatively intact.

[1]  Roger M. Rowell,et al.  Archaeological wood: properties, chemistry, and preservation. , 1989 .

[2]  William C. Feist,et al.  Outdoor wood weathering and protection. , 1990 .

[3]  A. Maffezzoli,et al.  Monitoring Wood Degradation during Weathering by Cellulose Crystallinity , 2012, Materials.

[4]  N. Parameswaran,et al.  On the fine structure of bamboo fibres , 1976, Wood Science and Technology.

[5]  G. Koch,et al.  Lignification and cell wall thickening in nodes of Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens and Phyllostachys nigra. , 2006, Annals of botany.

[6]  G. Koch,et al.  Ultrastructural characteristics of cell wall disintegration of Pinus spp. in the windows of an old Buddhist temple exposed to natural weathering , 2008 .

[7]  M. Cha,et al.  Micromorphological and chemical aspects of archaeological bamboos under long-term waterlogged condition , 2014 .

[8]  Geir I. Vestøl,et al.  Surface mould and blue stain fungi on coated Norway spruce cladding , 2012 .

[9]  B. Fei,et al.  Biological, Anatomical, and Chemical Characteristics of Bamboo , 2016 .

[10]  R. Murphy,et al.  Variation in Fibre Wall Structure in Bamboo , 1992 .

[11]  Walter Liese,et al.  Bamboo preservation compendium , 2003 .

[12]  K. Hannam,et al.  Chemical composition of forest floor and consequences for nutrient availability after wildfire and harvesting in the boreal forest , 2008, Plant and Soil.

[13]  A. M. Gil,et al.  Solid-State Nmr Studies Of Wood And Other Lignocellulosic Materials , 1999 .

[14]  Walter Liese,et al.  The Anatomy of Bamboo Culms , 2002 .

[15]  D. Fengel,et al.  Wood: Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions , 1983 .

[16]  Jing Ma,et al.  The mechanism of xylans removal during hydrothermal pretreatment of poplar fibers investigated by immunogold labeling , 2015, Planta.

[17]  F. Billmeyer,et al.  Principles of color technology , 1967 .

[18]  O. Schmidt,et al.  Bamboo and fungi , 2013 .

[19]  A. González,et al.  CPMAS 13C NMR study of lignin preparations from wheat straw transformed by five lignocellulose-degrading fungi , 1992 .

[20]  P. Hoegger,et al.  Fungal colonisation of outside weathered modified wood , 2010, Wood Science and Technology.

[21]  T. Vuorinen,et al.  Heat‐treated softwood exposed to weathering , 2004 .

[22]  Y. Kataoka.  Photodegradation of Wood and Depth Profile Analysis , 2008 .

[23]  Philip D. Evans,et al.  Weathering and surface protection of wood , 2005 .

[24]  R. Newman,et al.  Solid State 13C NMR Study of Wood Degraded by the Brown Rot Fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum , 1995 .

[25]  N. Parameswaran,et al.  Ultrastructural aspects of bamboo cells , 1980 .