Quadrature VCO based on direct second harmonic locking

The paper proposes a quadrature VCO based on two LC-oscillators directly coupled by means of second harmonic such that extra inductors or extra current are not required. A simple model is presented clarifying the following points: i) existence and stability of steady state solutions, ii) phase noise transfer function, iii) phase deviation from ideal quadrature versus tank mismatches. A design is presented in CMOS 0.13 /spl mu/m technology, operating at 1.8GHz, 1.2V supply, with 4 mA total current consumption. Simulation results exhibit -128 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz phase noise and 2/spl deg/ quadrature error for 0.5% mismatch between the two tanks.