Cross-layer analysis of protocol delay in mobile devices receiving BCMCS

Broadcast and multicast services allow the high-speed delivery of multimedia content to multiple subscribers over CDMA2000 wireless networks. This relies on a high-rate broadcast packet data system with an air interface governed by two interacting protocols: the medium access control (MAC) protocol specifies the methods of multiplexing and of forward error correction used to reduce the radio link error-rate seen by the higher layers; and the security protocol specifies the procedures used to encrypt and decrypt content, following the Advanced Encryption Standard. We investigated the mutual effect of these protocols, in the context of an ARM9-based mobile platform, and their influence on delay. This allowed us to propose a novel analytic model that can predict the total delay by summing the separate but related delays incurred by implementations of the MAC and security protocols with particular parameters. This cross-layer model includes the characteristics of error control in the MAC layer and the varying condition of the fading channel in the physical layer. We can use this model to estimate the size of data buffers that mobiles require to provide a seamless multimedia service.

[1]  Kyungtae Kang,et al.  Modeling the Execution Time of Reed-Solomon Decoding on an ARM9-Based Mobile Platform , 2008, 2008 Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[2]  L. B. Milstein,et al.  ARQ error control for fading mobile radio channels , 1997 .

[3]  M. Oguz Sunay,et al.  High Data-Rate Video Broadcasting Over 3G Wireless Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[4]  Vincent Rijmen,et al.  The Design of Rijndael: AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard , 2002 .

[5]  Leonardo Provvedi,et al.  Provision of MBMS over the GERAN: technical solutions and performance , 2004 .

[6]  R. Parry,et al.  cdma2000 1/spl times/EV-DO [for 3G communications] , 2002 .

[7]  Heonshik Shin,et al.  Scheduling Scalable Multimedia Streams for 3G Cellular Broadcast and Multicast Services , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Laurence B. Milstein,et al.  Error statistics in data transmission over fading channels , 1998, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[9]  Kyung-Joon Park,et al.  A Hybrid Architecture for Delay Analysis of Interleaved FEC on Mobile Platforms , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[10]  W. C. Jakes,et al.  Microwave Mobile Communications , 1974 .

[11]  Jun Wang,et al.  Broadcast and multicast services in cdma2000 , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[12]  Jeremy L. Jacob.  A Security Framework , 1988, CSFW.

[13]  Israel Koren,et al.  Error Analysis and Detection Procedures for a Hardware Implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard , 2003, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[14]  Keshab K. Parhi,et al.  Implementation approaches for the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm , 2002 .

[15]  Ramin Rezaiifar,et al.  cdma2000/sup /spl reg// high rate broadcast packet data air interface design , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[16]  Kyungtae Kang,et al.  Stochastic Timing Analysis of the AES Cipher Algorithm over a Correlated Fading Channel , 2009, 2009 Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[17]  Vincent Rijmen,et al.  The Design of Rijndael , 2002, Information Security and Cryptography.

[18]  Markus Kampmann,et al.  Delivery of Broadcast Services in 3G Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[19]  Stefan Parkvall,et al.  Evolving 3G mobile systems: broadband and broadcast services in WCDMA , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[20]  Guido Bertoni,et al.  Efficient Software Implementation of AES on 32-Bit Platforms , 2002, CHES.

[21]  Américo Correia,et al.  Multi-Resolution Broadcast/Multicast Systems for MBMS , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[22]  Jun Wang,et al.  A high-rate broadcast channel design for CDMA2000 , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[23]  Sergio Benedetto,et al.  Unveiling turbo codes: some results on parallel concatenated coding schemes , 1996, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[24]  G. Liebl,et al.  Flexible outer Reed-Solomon coding on RLC layer for MBMS over GERAN , 2004, 2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2004-Spring (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37514).

[25]  Vincent Rijmen,et al.  The Block Cipher Rijndael , 1998, CARDIS.

[26]  Thomas Stockhammer,et al.  Reliable Multimedia Download Delivery in Cellular Broadcast Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[27]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Digital Communications , 1983 .

[28]  R. Blahut.  Theory and practice of error control codes , 1983 .