Lithium benzoate doped high performance n-type diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic thin-film transistors

Abstract We report lithium benzoate (LB) as an effective electron dopant for commonly used diketopyrrolopyrrole (DDP) based electron donor-acceptor conjugated polymers and its application in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Three DPP derivative classes were considered: ambipolar, electron dominant, and hole dominant semiconducting polymers. Applying LB dopant at the contact or semiconducting layer bulk significantly improved overall n-channel performance more than 100-fold, such as electron mobility and on/off current ratio for solution-processed DPP based OTFTs compared with pristine devices. The best DPP based OTFTs with LB achieved high electron mobility (0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1) with excellent operational stability. In particular, complete ambipolar transport modulation to unipolar n-type was achieved for n-channel dominant OTFTs devices.

[1]  Jongwan Choi,et al.  Development of n-type polymer semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors , 2015 .

[2]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Electron injection enhancement by a Cs-salt interlayer in ambipolar organic field-effect transistors and complementary circuits , 2012 .

[3]  Gleb Mamantov,et al.  Molten salt chemistry : an introduction and selected applications , 1987 .

[4]  Jang‐Joo Kim,et al.  N-Type Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors: Formation and Dissociation Efficiencies of a Charge Transfer Complex , 2016 .

[5]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  Remarkable enhancement of charge carrier mobility of conjugated polymer field-effect transistors upon incorporating an ionic additive , 2016, Science Advances.

[6]  M. Fujihira,et al.  A Lithium Carboxylate Ultrathin Film on an Aluminum Cathode for Enhanced Electron Injection in Organic Electroluminescent Devices , 1999 .

[7]  Kazuhito Tsukagoshi,et al.  Improvement of subthreshold current transport by contact interface modification in p-type organic field-effect transistors , 2009 .

[8]  Deqing Zhang,et al.  Extended conjugated donor-acceptor molecules with E-(1,2-difluorovinyl) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties toward high-performance ambipolar organic semiconductors. , 2014, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[9]  G. Bazan,et al.  Fullerene-carbene Lewis acid-base adducts. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  Henning Sirringhaus,et al.  High‐Performance Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Copolymer Field‐Effect Transistors with Balanced Hole and Electron Mobilities , 2012, Advanced materials.

[11]  Deqing Zhang,et al.  New dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated molecules entailing electron withdrawing moieties for organic ambipolar semiconductors and photovoltaic materials , 2014 .

[12]  S. Barlow,et al.  N-type doping of an electron-transport material by controlled gas-phase incorporation of cobaltocene , 2006 .

[13]  Gerard Ghibaudo,et al.  Direct evaluation of low-field mobility and access resistance in pentacene field-effect transistors , 2010 .

[14]  Jean-Luc Brédas,et al.  Introduction to Organic Thin Film Transistors and Design of n-Channel Organic Semiconductors , 2004 .

[15]  Yong-Young Noh,et al.  Universal diffusion-limited injection and the hook effect in organic thin-film transistors , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[16]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors , 2018, Advanced materials.

[17]  Yannan Zhang,et al.  Widely Applicable n-Type Molecular Doping for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[18]  Alexandra F. Paterson,et al.  Remarkable Enhancement of the Hole Mobility in Several Organic Small‐Molecules, Polymers, and Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blend Transistors by Simple Admixing of the Lewis Acid p‐Dopant B(C6F5)3 , 2017, Advanced science.

[19]  Yong-Young Noh,et al.  Contact engineering in organic field-effect transistors , 2015 .

[20]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Planar‐Processed Polymer Transistors , 2016, Advanced materials.

[21]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle as a New p-Type Dopant for High-Performance Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. , 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[22]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  P-type doped ambipolar polymer transistors by direct charge transfer from a cationic organic dye Pyronin B ferric chloride , 2016 .

[23]  J. Behrends,et al.  p‐Type Doping of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) with the Strong Lewis Acid Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane , 2016 .

[24]  K. Tsukagoshi,et al.  Highly enhanced charge injection in thienoacene-based organic field-effect transistors with chemically doped contact , 2012 .

[25]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Modulation of Majority Charge Carrier from Hole to Electron by Incorporation of Cyano Groups in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers , 2017 .

[26]  Qinmin Pan,et al.  Covalent modification of natural graphite with lithium benzoate multilayers via diazonium chemistry and their application in lithium ion batteries , 2007 .

[27]  T. Mukaiyama,et al.  Lewis Base-Catalyzed Perfluoroalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines with (Perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilane , 2006 .

[28]  H. Puchtler,et al.  Current chemical concepts of acids and bases and their application to anionic (“acid”) and cationic (“basic”) dyes , 2004, Histochemistry.

[29]  Zachary A. Lamport,et al.  Tutorial: Organic field-effect transistors: Materials, structure and operation , 2018, Journal of Applied Physics.

[30]  N. Koch,et al.  Gold work function reduction by 2.2 eV with an air-stable molecular donor layer , 2008 .