Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on Alabama beaches

Abstract. From mid June 2010 to early August 2010, the white sandy beaches along Alabama's Gulf coast were inundated with crude oil discharged from the Deepwater Horizon well. The long-term consequences of this environmental catastrophe are still unfolding. Although BP has attempted to clean up some of these beaches, there still exist many unanswered questions regarding the physical, chemical, and ecological state of the oil contaminated beach system. In this paper, we present our understanding of what is known and known to be unknown with regard to the current state of Alabama's beaches in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Motivated by our observations of the evolving distribution of oil in Alabama's beaches and BP's clean-up activities, we offer our thoughts on the lessons learned from this oil spill disaster.

[1]  S. P. Ferraro,et al.  Sediment toxicity, contamination and amphipod abundance at a DDT‐ and dieldrin‐contaminated site in San Francisco Bay , 1994 .

[2]  R. Ozretich,et al.  Photoinduced Toxicity of PAHs and Alkylated PAHs to a Marine Infaunal Amphipod (Rhepoxynius abronius) , 1998, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[3]  M. Blumer Polycyclic aromatic compounds in nature. , 1976, Scientific American.

[4]  A. Knap,et al.  A direct comparison of UV fluorescence and GC/MS data of lipophilic open-ocean seawater extracts , 1989 .

[5]  Paul F. Kingston,et al.  The impact of the Braer oil spill on the macrobenthic infauna of the sediments off the Shetland Islands , 1995 .

[6]  J. Dauvin The fine sand Abra alba community of the bay of morlaix twenty years after the Amoco Cadiz oil spill , 1998 .

[7]  J. Caudill,et al.  Banking on Nature 2006 - The Economic Benefits to Local Communities of National Wildlife Refuge Visitation , 2013 .

[8]  R. Gast,et al.  Bacteria in beach sands: an emerging challenge in protecting coastal water quality and bather health. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  P. Boehm Aspects of the saturated hydrocarbon geochemistry of recent sediments in the Georges Bank region , 1984 .

[10]  P. Boehm,et al.  The “Tsesis” oil spill: Acute and long-term impact on the benthos , 1983 .

[11]  S. Fowler Critical review of selected heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in the marine environment , 1990 .

[12]  T. Matsuoka,et al.  Monitoring of PAHs and alkylated PAHs in aquatic organisms after 1 month from the Solar I oil spill off the coast of Guimaras Island, Philippines , 2010, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[13]  Robert B. Clark,et al.  SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA TO OPTIMIZE OIL SPILL CLEANUP , 1995 .

[14]  T. Clement,et al.  BP's Operation Deep Clean--could dilution be the solution to beach pollution? , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  Marjorie J. Wonham,et al.  TROUBLE ON OILED WATERS: Lessons from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill , 1996 .

[16]  R. Harris,et al.  Acute and sublethal toxicity of naphthalene and three methylated derivatives to the estuarine copepod, Eurytemora affinis , 1978 .

[17]  J. Summers,et al.  Species-abundance-biomass responses by estuarine macrobenthos to sediment chemical contamination , 2000 .

[18]  J. C. Chen,et al.  Environmental fate and chemistry of organic pollutants in the sediment of Xiamen and Victoria Harbours , 1995 .

[19]  A. Sienkiewicz,et al.  EVALUATION OF SHORELINE CLEANING VERSUS NATURAL RECOVERY: THE METULA SPILL AND THE KOMI OPERATIONS , 1999 .

[20]  Paul F. Kingston,et al.  Long-term Environmental Impact of Oil Spills , 2002 .

[21]  J. Vandermeulen,et al.  ARROW Oil Spill, 1970–90: Persistence of 20-yr Weathered Bunker C Fuel Oil , 1994 .

[22]  William A. Telliard,et al.  PRIORITY POLLUTANTS I-A PERSPECTIVES VIEW , 1979 .