Depth Dosage Measurements by Means of Goldfish1

Numerous methods have been employed in approaching a clinical evaluation of the action of roentgen rays. Biological methods permit qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of the effects of radiation. Physical methods enable us to calculate the r units delivered to a certain volume of tissue. One of the outstanding tasks of experimental radiation therapy is the correlation of physical doses with biological effects. In so far as the effects of roentgen and gamma rays on the surface are concerned, this correlation has been achieved fairly satisfactorily. Various reactions with various test objects, such as the skin erythema, the lethal effects on seedlings, ova, tissue cultures, etc., are at our disposal for the study of these surface effetcs. The biological evaluation of the effects of roentgen rays in the depths has, however, encountered certain difficulties. Because of the large percentage of water in the make-up of the human body, the water phantom is commonly used by the physicist for depth d...