Brief history of the Phobos mission

The spacecraft Phobos 1 and 2 were launched on 7 and 12 July 1988. The mission was to have three stages: investigations of the Sun and interplanetary space during the flight from Earth to Mars; studies of both Mars and Phobos during the orbit of the spacecraft around Mars; and studies of Phobos as the spacecraft approached to within 50 m of its surface. Contact with Phobos 1 was lost on 1 September 1988 and contact was also lost with Phobos 2 just before the third stage of the mission. This article introduces fourteen papers which cover the results of the second stage of the mission.

[1]  V. L. Barsukov,et al.  Determination of the elemental composition of martian rocks from Phobos 2 , 1989, Nature.

[2]  K. Szegö,et al.  Observation of electron and ion fluxes in the vicinity of Mars with the HARP spectrometer , 1989, Nature.

[3]  W. Herr,et al.  The Oct-1 homoeodomain directs formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the HSV transactivator VP16 , 1989, Nature.

[4]  V. N. Heifets,et al.  Television observations of Phobos , 1989, Nature.

[5]  S. Erard,et al.  Results from the ISM experiment , 1989, Nature.

[6]  J. Kurths,et al.  Magnetic fields near Mars: first results , 1989, Nature.

[7]  H. Rosenbauer,et al.  Ions of martian origin and plasma sheet in the martian magnetosphere: initial results of the TAUS experiment , 1989, Nature.

[8]  R. Grard,et al.  First measurements of plasma waves near Mars , 1989, Nature.

[9]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  Vertical profiles of dust and ozone in the martian atmosphere deduced from solar occultation measurements , 1989, Nature.

[10]  S. McKenna-Lawlor,et al.  Energetic ions in the close environment of Mars and particle shadowing by the planet , 1989, Nature.

[11]  J. P. Bibring,et al.  Spatial variations in thermal and albedo properties of the surface of Phobos , 1989, Nature.

[12]  B. Hultqvist,et al.  First measurements of the ionospheric plasma escape from Mars , 1989, Nature.

[13]  V. I. Moroz,et al.  Solar occultation spectroscopic measurements of the martian atmosphere at 1.9 and 3.7 μm , 1989, Nature.

[14]  Thermal imaging of the surface of Mars , 1989, Nature.