Shear thickening and turbulence in simple fluids.

In 1984 Erpenbeck observed a shear-induced alignment of particles into strings in nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations of shear flow in the hard-sphere fluid. In this paper we show that this effect arises from the use of a thermostat which assumes a stable linear velocity profile. The use of a thermostat which does not bias the streaming velocity profile causes the string phase to vanish.