A Hybrid, PDE-ODE Control Strategy for Intercepting an Intelligent, well-informed Target in a Stationary, Cluttered Environment

In [1,2] a new class of intelligent controllers that can semantically embed an agent in a spatial context constraining its behavior in a goal-oriented manner was suggested. A controller of such a class can guide an agent in a stationary unknown environment to a fixed target zone along an obstacle-free trajectory. Here, an extension is suggested that would enable the interception of an intelligent target that is maneuvering to evade capture amidst stationary clutter (i.e. the target zone is moving). This is achieved by forcing the differential properties of the potential field used to induce the control action to satisfy the wave equation. Background of the problem, theoretical developments, as well as, proofs of the ability of the modified control to intercept the target along an obstacle-free trajectory are supplied. Simulation results are also provided.

[1]  D. Kraft Nonlinear system analysis by direct collocation , 1987 .

[2]  Geoff S. Nitschke,et al.  Co-evolution of cooperation in a pursuit evasion game , 2003, Proceedings 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2003) (Cat. No.03CH37453).

[3]  A. S. Gadre,et al.  Learning Strategies in Multi-Agent Systems - Applications to the Herding Problem , 2001 .

[4]  Roger G. Barker Factors Influencing Transfer Between Finger Mazes , 1932 .

[5]  Dave Cliff,et al.  Protean behavior in dynamic games: arguments for the co-evolution of pursuit-evasion tactics , 1994 .

[6]  S. Axler,et al.  Harmonic Function Theory , 1992 .

[7]  Claude Bardos,et al.  A nonlinear wave equation in a time dependent domain , 1973 .

[8]  L. B. Rall,et al.  Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis vol. I (A. N. Kolmogorov and S. V. Fomin); Metric and Normed Spaces vol. II (L. F. Boron, trans.); Measure—The Lebesgue Integral Hilbert Space (H. Kamel and H. Komm) , 1962 .

[9]  Ahmad A. Masoud,et al.  Evasion of multiple, intelligent pursuers in a stationary, cluttered environment using a Poisson potential field , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422).

[10]  Ahmad A. Masoud,et al.  Evasion of multiple, intelligent pursuers in a stationary, cluttered environment: a harmonic potential field approach , 2002, Proceedings of the IEEE Internatinal Symposium on Intelligent Control.

[11]  Ervin Y. Rodin,et al.  A Pursuit-evasion bibliography—Version 2 , 1989 .

[12]  A. Harry Klopf,et al.  Reinforcement Learning Applied to a Differential Game , 1995, Adapt. Behav..

[13]  D. Olton,et al.  Animal Behavior Processes , 2022 .

[14]  King Lee,et al.  A mixed problem for hyperbolic equations with time-dependent domain , 1966 .

[15]  Vladimir A. Lefebvre The structure of awareness : toward a symbolic language of human reflexion , 1977 .

[16]  Robert McOwen,et al.  Partial differential equations : methods and applications , 1996 .

[17]  R. Thom Structural stability and morphogenesis , 1977, Pattern Recognition.

[18]  S. Fomin,et al.  Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis , 1961 .

[19]  Ahmad A. Masoud,et al.  Motion planning in the presence of directional and obstacle avoidance constraints using nonlinear, anisotropic, harmonic potential fields , 2000, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065).

[20]  Rodney A. Brooks,et al.  Intelligence Without Reason , 1991, IJCAI.

[21]  Daniel E. Koditschek,et al.  Exact robot navigation using artificial potential functions , 1992, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[22]  Ahmad A. Masoud,et al.  An informationally-open, organizationally-closed control structure for navigating a robot in an unknown, stationary environment , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control.

[23]  Chris Langton,et al.  Artificial Life , 2017, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining.

[24]  Christopher I. Connolly Harmonic Functions and Collision Probabilities , 1997, Int. J. Robotics Res..