Energy Storage System Sitting and Sizing for Renewable Support

This chapter addresses the Energy Storage System (ESS) sitting and sizing problem for renewable support. It is divided into four major subtitles in order to give the reader an introduction of the issue by providing fundamental information and theorical background to show the basic concepts for solving the intended problem, and discusses perspectives to encourage the reader for further research. Also, it solves two practical examples using specific optimization tools. In the first part of the chapter, ESS applications for Renewable Support is presented with general introduction to renewable energy system and its limitations. Subsequently, the ESS technologies with different characteristics are described and possible applications of ESS are presented from the perspective of the utility, medium and large-business, and off and micro-grid scale applications. The second part presents the optimization methods that is used in ESS sizing and sitting problems. These methods consider heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches with a major focus on evolutionary algorithms. An optimization formulation and ESS modelling for given power system application considering specific objective function and constraints are also presented. In the third part, future applications of the ESS, together with set of possible subjects that can expand the ESS field of research are presented. Finally, the fourth part presents two practical examples of ESS support problem using HOMER proprietary software and a Genetic Algorithms, respectively. Based on the ESS specifications and types, performance is examined for selected scenarios of network architecture. In both solution procedures, the algorithms established the size of ESS for optimal technical and economic performance for the distribution system.