Applications of the liquid core optical ring resonator platform

The liquid core optical ring resonator (LCORR) integrates an array of optical ring resonators into a microfluidics channel. The LCORR is made of a micro-sized glass capillary; the circular cross-section of the capillary acts as an optical ring resonator while the resonating light interacts with the fluid sample passing through the core. Q-factors larger than 107 have been achieved in LCORRs on the order of 100 micrometers in diameter. This implies an effective interaction length between the evanescent field of the resonator and the fluidic core of over 10 cm. The novel integrated architecture and excellent photonic performance lead to a number of applications in sensing, analytical chemistry, and photonics. For the last decade, optical ring resonators have been explored for label-free bio/chemical detection. The LCORR architecture possesses the same capabilities as other optical ring resonator bio/chemical sensors while also integrating micro-capillary-based fluidics with the sensor head. The integrated fluidics design in combination with the micro-sized sensor head and pico-liter sample volume lead to a lab-on-a-chip sensor for biomolecules, such as biomarkers and specific DNA sequences. Also, because the ring resonator creates a high-intensity field inside the microfluidic channel, the LCORR is an excellent microfluidic platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection in silver colloids. Finally, the high quality factor of the capillary-based resonator enables novel opto-fluidic devices, such as dye lasers. We will discuss the details of these concepts and present our research results in each of these applications.

[1]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Thermal characterization of liquid core optical ring resonator sensors. , 2007, Applied optics.

[2]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Analysis of biomolecule detection with optofluidic ring resonator sensors. , 2007, Optics express.

[3]  J E Heebner,et al.  Sensitive disk resonator photonic biosensor. , 2001, Applied optics.

[4]  Ian M. White,et al.  Demonstration of composite signal enhancement from surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in a liquid core optical ring resonator , 2007, SPIE Optics East.

[5]  Steven R. Emory,et al.  Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering , 1997, Science.

[6]  Andrea M Armani,et al.  Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities. , 2006, Optics letters.

[7]  R. Baets,et al.  Silicon-on-Insulator microring resonator for sensitive and label-free biosensing. , 2007, Optics express.

[8]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Aptamer Based Microsphere Biosensor for Thrombin Detection , 2006, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).

[9]  S. Arnold,et al.  Excitation of resonances of microspheres on an optical fiber. , 1995, Optics letters.

[10]  A. Hawkins,et al.  On-chip surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection using integrated liquid-core waveguides , 2007 .

[11]  Kyungwon An,et al.  Interferential coupling effect on the whispering-gallery mode lasing in a double-layered microcylinder , 2002 .

[12]  Tanya M. Monro,et al.  Modeling the fabrication of hollow fibers: capillary drawing , 2001 .

[13]  Jürgen Popp,et al.  A reproducible surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy approach. Online SERS measurements in a segmented microfluidic system. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  Preston T. Snee,et al.  Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Lasing from a Semiconductor Nanocrystal/Microsphere Resonator Composite , 2005 .

[15]  D. Meisel,et al.  Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols , 1982 .

[16]  Jan Greve,et al.  Performance of integrated optical microcavities for refractive index and fluorescence sensing , 2003 .

[17]  A. Yariv,et al.  InGaAsP annular Bragg lasers: theory, applications, and modal properties , 2005, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[18]  Ian M. White,et al.  Demonstration of composite microsphere cavity and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy for improved sensitivity , 2005, SPIE Optics East.

[19]  Vladimir S. Ilchenko,et al.  Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators , 1996, Other Conferences.

[20]  Ian M. White,et al.  Refractometric sensors based on microsphere resonators , 2005 .

[21]  Xudong Fan,et al.  Liquid-core optical ring-resonator sensors. , 2006, Optics letters.

[22]  Ian M. White,et al.  Label-Free Protease Sensors Based on Optical Microsphere Resonators , 2005 .

[23]  S. Arnold,et al.  Shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption. , 2003, Optics letters.

[24]  Mani Hossein-Zadeh,et al.  Fiber-taper coupling to Whispering-Gallery modes of fluidic resonators embedded in a liquid medium. , 2006, Optics express.

[25]  M. Lonergan,et al.  Coupling semiconductor nanocrystals to a fused-silica microsphere: a quantum-dot microcavity with extremely high Q factors. , 2000, Optics letters.

[26]  G. Farca,et al.  Microsphere whispering-gallery-mode laser using HgTe quantum dots , 2004 .

[27]  Michael Hochberg,et al.  High-Q Optical Resonators in Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Slot Waveguides , 2005 .

[28]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Integrated refractive index optical ring resonator detector for capillary electrophoresis. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[29]  V S Ilchenko,et al.  Frequency tuning of the whispering-gallery modes of silica microspheres for cavity quantum electrodynamics and spectroscopy. , 2001, Optics letters.

[30]  Dieter Braun,et al.  Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity , 2002 .

[31]  G. N. Robertson,et al.  Core-resonance capillary-fiber whispering-gallery-mode laser. , 1992, Optics letters.

[32]  C. Gu,et al.  Hollow core photonic crystal fiber surface-enhanced Raman probe , 2006 .

[33]  Louis E. Brus,et al.  Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Rhodamine 6G Molecules on Large Ag Nanocrystals , 1999 .

[34]  R. Chang,et al.  Two-photon-pumped lasing in microdroplets. , 1992, Optics letters.

[35]  D. Braun,et al.  Multiplexed DNA quantification by spectroscopic shift of two microsphere cavities. , 2003, Biophysical journal.

[36]  Brent E. Little,et al.  Acceleration sensor based on high-Q optical microsphere resonator and pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguide coupler , 2001 .

[37]  R. Chang,et al.  Laser emission from individual droplets at wavelengths corresponding to morphology-dependent resonances. , 1984, Optics letters.

[38]  D.J. DiGiovanni,et al.  The microfiber loop resonator: theory, experiment, and application , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[39]  K. Vahala,et al.  Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity , 2002, Nature.

[40]  Andrea M. Armani,et al.  Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities. , 2006 .

[41]  Vladimir P. Safonov,et al.  Discrete spectrum of anti-Stokes emission from metal particle-adsorbate complexes in a microcavity , 2002, International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics.

[42]  L.J. Guo,et al.  Polymer microring resonators for biochemical sensing applications , 2006, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[43]  Yeshaiahu Fainman,et al.  On-chip microfluidic tuning of an optical microring resonator , 2006 .

[44]  S. Blair,et al.  Resonant-enhanced evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensing with cylindrical optical cavities. , 2001, Applied optics.

[45]  A. Ksendzov,et al.  Integrated optics ring-resonator sensors for protein detection. , 2005, Optics letters.

[46]  Scott Lacey,et al.  Versatile waveguide-coupled optofluidic devices based on liquid core optical ring resonators. , 2007, Applied physics letters.

[47]  R. Dasari,et al.  Single Molecule Detection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) , 1997 .

[48]  R. Chang,et al.  Stimulated resonance Raman scattering of Rhodamine 6G. , 1993, Optics letters.

[49]  Hongying Zhu,et al.  Label-free quantitative DNA detection using the liquid core optical ring resonator. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[50]  Xudong Fan,et al.  Optofluidic ring resonator based dye laser , 2007 .