Social structural and psychological antecedents of self-estrangement and powerlessness.

Estimates are presented for a structural equations model of the social structural and personality antecedents of two forms of early career alienation, self-estrangement and powerlessness. The sample consists of panel data from a cohort of 1 7-year-old men studied in 195 7 and again in 1972 (N = 442). Analysis is by multiple regression based on correlations corrected for unreliability, a strategy relating measured variables to their latent constructs thereby making explicit issues of differential validity and reliability among indicators and the bearing of each on causal systems. The major finding is that the two forms of alienation are affected by different patterns of structural and personality antecedents originating at various stages in the first half of the life cycle. The model accounts for small to modest proportions of variance in self-estrangement and powerlessness and slightly reduces the covariation between the two forms of alienation.

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