The Environmental Effects of the High Dam at Aswan
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No single resource development project has aroused more controversy than the high dam that stores the flow of the Nile River above the first cataract at Aswan. It is praised as the mainstay of the Egyptian economy and vilified as an environmental catastrophe. Twenty-one years after its completion there has been sufficient time to permit a first approximation of what is known about the dam's environmental effects and how they compare to what was anticipated when engineers and politicians decided to undertake the massive project. Although the evidence from post-audit study over the past decade is far from complete, there is enough to warrant general observations on direct economic impacts and to suggest several possible lessons of importance to scientists engaged in predicting and tracing environmental linkages from major water projects.