Molecular Survey of (cid:2) -Lactamases Conferring Resistance to Newer (cid:2) -Lactams in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Polish Hospitals (cid:1)

The first national survey of resistance to newer (cid:1) -lactams in nosocomial populations of Enterobacteriaceae in Poland was performed. The study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from November 2003 to January 2004. Among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was Escherichia coli (59.6%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (14.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (8.5%). The frequency of extended-spectrum (cid:1) -lactamases (ESBLs) was very high, with ESBLs present in 11.1% of all isolates and 40.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, the latter value greatly exceeding that for E. coli (2.5%). The contribution of outbreak isolates was significant, resulting, for example, in a particularly high rate of ESBL producers among Serratia marcescens isolates (70.8%). The pool of ESBL types was overwhelmingly dominated (81.7%) by CTX-M-like (cid:1) -lactamases CTX-M-3 (80.6%) and CTX-M-15,

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