HVDC technology overview and new European network codes requirements

The number of operating High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnections is continuously increasing worldwide. This paper presents an overview of HVDC systems in Italy, including operating and planned links. The different technology solutions, in particular Half Bridge Voltage Source Converter (HB-VSC) and Line Commutated Converter (LCC) are compared considering the pros and cons of the two options. One case study about possible new SACOI (Sardinia-Corsica-Italy HVDC link) is described considering both technologies. This case underlines the effects in the voltage control in the Sardinian grid. Another focus here presented is the new scenario after 2019, with the entry into force of the Network Code of High Voltage Direct Current related to the EC 2016/1447 law.

[1]  C. M. Franck,et al.  Contribution of Fault Current Sources in Multiterminal HVDC Cable Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[2]  Menatalla O. Dessouky.  The environmental impact of large scale solar energy projects on the MENA deserts: Best practices for the DESERTEC initiative , 2013, Eurocon 2013.

[3]  Christian M. Franck,et al.  Fault Current Interruption in Multiterminal HVDC Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[4]  Dragan Jovcic,et al.  Full-Bridge MMC Converter Optimal Design to HVDC Operational Requirements , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[5]  Roberto Benato,et al.  Harmonic Behaviour of HVDC cables , 2010 .

[6]  Xiao-Ping Zhang,et al.  Basic topology and key devices of the five-terminal DC grid , 2015 .

[7]  H. Leite,et al.  Control Strategies for AC Fault Ride Through in Multiterminal HVDC Grids , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[8]  Nsofwa M. Kangwa,et al.  A review of the performance of VSC-HVDC and MTDC systems , 2017, 2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica.

[9]  Roberto Zaottini,et al.  Use of HVDC links for power system restoration , 2009 .

[10]  C. Karawita,et al.  Applicability of Full-bridge and Half-bridge MMC for Tapping LCC HVDC , 2017 .

[11]  Lina Bertling Tjernberg,et al.  A New Approach for Benefit Evaluation of Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Using A Proposed Mixed AC/DC Optimal Power Flow , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[12]  Marco Giuntoli,et al.  On the use of simplified reactive power flow equations for purposes of fast reliability assessment , 2013, Eurocon 2013.

[13]  Marco Giuntoli,et al.  Mechanical Behaviour of Multi-Span Overhead Transmission Lines Under Dynamic Thermal Stress of Conductors Due to Power Flow and Weather Conditions , 2013 .

[14]  J. V. Milanovic,et al.  Tuning of a Damping Controller for Multiterminal VSC-HVDC Grids Using the Probabilistic Collocation Method , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[15]  Goran Andersson,et al.  Multiterminal HVDC Networks—What is the Preferred Topology? , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[16]  Jon Are Suul,et al.  Classification and analysis of impact on small-signal dynamics and stability from expansion of VSC-HVDC systems to multi-terminal HVDC grids , 2017 .

[17]  Sheng Liu,et al.  Electromechanical Transient Modeling of Modular Multilevel Converter Based Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  Barry W. Williams,et al.  Half- and Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter Models for Simulations of Full-Scale HVDC Links and Multiterminal DC Grids , 2014, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[19]  Michael Bahrman,et al.  The New Black Start: System Restoration with Help from Voltage-Sourced Converters , 2014, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[20]  Wenyuan Wang,et al.  Power Flow Algorithms for Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC With Droop Control , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[21]  Robert Eriksson,et al.  Coordinated Control of Multiterminal DC Grid Power Injections for Improved Rotor-Angle Stability Based on Lyapunov Theory , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[22]  Wenyuan Wang,et al.  Analysis of Active Power Control for VSC–HVDC , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[23]  Inmaculada Zamora,et al.  VSC-HVDC configurations for converting AC distribution lines into DC lines , 2014 .

[24]  Colin Oates,et al.  Modular Multilevel Converter Design for VSC HVDC Applications , 2015, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[25]  M. Bongiorno,et al.  Modeling and Analysis of VSC-Based HVDC Systems for DC Network Stability Studies , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[26]  Lidong Zhang,et al.  Offshore Wind Integration to a Weak Grid by VSC-HVDC Links Using Power-Synchronization Control: A Case Study , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[27]  Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,et al.  DC Voltage Droop Control Design for Multiterminal HVDC Systems Considering AC and DC Grid Dynamics , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[28]  Mehrdad Ghandhari,et al.  A Multi-Option Unified Power Flow Approach for Hybrid AC/DC Grids Incorporating Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[29]  Anil Kulkarni,et al.  Switching function analysis of half- and full-bridge modular multi-level converters for HVDC applications , 2013 .