Bone marrow infiltrate by atypical histiocytic cells with cytoplasmatic Birbeck granules as initial presentation of an acute monoblastic leukemia.

Langerhans cells (LCs) are characterized by the presence of the CD1a complex and cytoplasmic Birbeck granules, and have been identified as the cell that proliferates in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. However, little information is available about the participation of LCs in acute leukemias. We present here a case of a 72-year-old man who presented with and infiltration of the bone marrow with atypically histiocytic large cells that showed cytoplasmic Birbeck granules, preceding the onset of an acute monoblastic leukemia.