Application of nanotechnology based-biosensors in analysis of wine compounds and control of wine quality and safety: A critical review

Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the most promising future technologies for the food industry. Some of its applications have already been introduced in analytical techniques and food packaging technologies. This review summarizes existing knowledge about the implementation of nanotechnology in wine laboratory procedures. The focus is mainly on recent advancements in the design and development of nanomaterial-based sensors for wine compounds analysis and assessing wine safety. Nanotechnological approaches could be useful in the wine production process, to simplify wine analysis methods, and to improve the quality and safety of the final product.

[1]  Kaiqi Su,et al.  Recent achievements in electronic tongue and bioelectronic tongue as taste sensors , 2015 .

[2]  Mayra Granda Valdés,et al.  Analytical nanotechnology for food analysis , 2009 .

[3]  Marta Elena Díaz García,et al.  Fluorescent carbon nanodots for sensitive and selective detection of tannic acid in wines. , 2015, Talanta.

[4]  G. Ingo,et al.  Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Au Electrodes for the Determination of Polyphenol Index in Wines: a Preliminary Study , 2012 .

[5]  Maria H. O. Piazzetta,et al.  Microfluidic electronic tongue , 2015 .

[6]  M. Saraji,et al.  Dissolvable layered double hydroxide coated magnetic nanoparticles for extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenolic acids in fruit juices. , 2014, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  R. Dullens,et al.  Superparamagnetic nickel colloidal nanocrystal clusters with antibacterial activity and bacteria binding ability , 2018, Nature Nanotechnology.

[8]  A. Gunnison,et al.  Sulfite hypersensitivity. A critical review. , 1987, CRC critical reviews in toxicology.

[9]  S. Kralj,et al.  A new method for the rapid separation of magnetized yeast in sparkling wine , 2014 .

[10]  Céline Douat-Casassus,et al.  Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[11]  Development of localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the detection of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in wine , 2016 .

[12]  Beńed́icte Lorrain,et al.  Evolution of Analysis of Polyhenols from Grapes, Wines, and Extracts , 2013, Molecules.

[13]  L. Iacoviello,et al.  The Mediterranean Lecture: Wine and Thrombosis – From Epidemiology to Physiology and Back , 2003, Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis.

[14]  Hongyu Liu,et al.  Hierarchical Cu-Co-Ni nanostructures electrodeposited on carbon nanofiber modified glassy carbon electrode: Application to glucose detection , 2013 .

[15]  J. Pezzuto,et al.  Wine and Health: A Review , 2011, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

[16]  Saurabh Srivastava,et al.  Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Food Toxin Detection , 2014, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

[17]  Cristina Tortolini,et al.  Laccase–polyazetidine prepolymer–MWCNT integrated system: Biochemical properties and application to analytical determinations in real samples , 2010 .

[18]  M. S. Thakur,et al.  Quantum dots as optical labels for ultrasensitive detection of polyphenols. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  J. Bao,et al.  Immobilization and direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on a tetragonal pyramid-shaped porous ZnO nanostructure for a glucose biosensor. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  I. Lambropoulos,et al.  Scavenging Capacities of Some Wines and Wine Phenolic Extracts , 2005 .

[21]  Anna Sandionigi,et al.  Grape microbiome as a reliable and persistent signature of field origin and environmental conditions in Cannonau wine production , 2017, PloS one.

[22]  Sarit S. Agasti,et al.  Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[23]  R. Compton,et al.  The use of nanoparticles in electroanalysis: a review , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[24]  Jianrong Chen,et al.  Nanotechnology and biosensors. , 2004, Biotechnology advances.

[25]  M. Chicharro,et al.  Analysis of polyphenols in white wine by CZE with amperometric detection using carbon nanotube‐modified electrodes , 2011, Electrophoresis.

[26]  Akhtar Hayat,et al.  Portable Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Food Safety Assessment , 2015, Sensors.

[27]  Z. Zhang,et al.  Molecular imprinted polymer-based chemiluminescence imaging sensor for the detection of trans-resveratrol. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[28]  Oscar A. Loaiza,et al.  Graphitized carbon nanofiber-Pt nanoparticle hybrids as sensitive tool for preparation of screen printing biosensors. Detection of lactate in wines and ciders. , 2015, Bioelectrochemistry.

[29]  Fang-Fang Chen,et al.  Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for selective recognition of resveratrol in wine. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[30]  A. Guerreiro,et al.  Direct potentiometric quantification of histamine using solid-phase imprinted nanoparticles as recognition elements. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[31]  M. Bergamini,et al.  Voltammetric determination of the antioxidant capacity in wine samples using a carbon nanotube modified electrode. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[32]  E. Šturdı́k,et al.  A rapid method for determination of l-lactic acid in real samples by amperometric biosensor utilizing nanocomposite , 2012 .

[33]  F. Haghighatdoost,et al.  Can resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials , 2018, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[34]  Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez,et al.  Beer discrimination using a portable electronic tongue based on screen-printed electrodes , 2015 .

[35]  Roberto Pilloton,et al.  A disposable Laccase-Tyrosinase based biosensor for amperometric detection of phenolic compounds in must and wine , 2010 .

[36]  J. Vita,et al.  Grapes and cardiovascular disease. , 2009, The Journal of nutrition.

[37]  M. Tsimidou,et al.  Use of reference compounds in antioxidant activity assessment. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[38]  C. Tortolini,et al.  Laccase-based biosensor for the determination of polyphenol index in wine. , 2010, Talanta.

[39]  Kenshi Hayashi,et al.  Comparison of a voltammetric electronic tongue and a lipid membrane taste sensor , 2001 .

[40]  K. Pandey,et al.  Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease , 2009, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.

[41]  L. Cisneros-Zevallos,et al.  The Folin–Ciocalteu assay revisited: improvement of its specificity for total phenolic content determination , 2013 .

[42]  Huan Pang,et al.  Graphene oxide/nickel oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for supercapacitor and nonenzymatic glucose sensor , 2013 .

[43]  J. Saja,et al.  Bioelectronic tongue based on lipidic nanostructured layers containing phenol oxidases and lutetium bisphthalocyanine for the analysis of grapes. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[44]  Jie Xu,et al.  Application of microfluidic “lab-on-a-chip” for the detection of mycotoxins in foods , 2015 .

[45]  Yonghua Xiong,et al.  Silver Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence-Quenching Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Grape Juice and Wine , 2017, Toxins.

[46]  I. Delgadillo,et al.  Astringency quantification in wine: comparison of the electronic tongue and FT-MIR spectroscopy , 2015 .

[47]  BoKyung Moon,et al.  Evaluation of umami taste in mushroom extracts by chemical analysis, sensory evaluation, and an electronic tongue system. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[48]  Ping Guan,et al.  Physicochemical characteristics of complexes between amylose and garlic bioactive components generated by milling activating method. , 2018, Food research international.

[49]  J. Saja,et al.  Analysis of organic acids and phenols of interest in the wine industry using Langmuir-Blodgett films based on functionalized nanoparticles. , 2015, Analytica chimica acta.

[50]  Steven J. Lehotay,et al.  Application of gas chromatography in food analysis , 2002 .

[51]  Zhisong Lu,et al.  A fluorescence aptasensor based on semiconductor quantum dots and MoS2 nanosheets for ochratoxin A detection , 2017 .

[52]  M. Navarro,et al.  Cysteamine-CdTe Quantum Dots Electrochemically Synthesized as Fluorescence Probe for Resveratrol , 2018, Food Analytical Methods.

[53]  M. L. Rodriguez-Mendez,et al.  Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol , 2015, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology.

[54]  Yun Zhang,et al.  A Direct Electrochemical Biosensing Platform Constructed by Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles onto Redox Poly(thionine) Film , 2007, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[55]  Qingrong Huang,et al.  Physical and antimicrobial properties of anise oil loaded nanoemulsions on the survival of foodborne pathogens. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[56]  N. López de Lerma,et al.  Study of the potential use of mesoporous nanomaterials as fining agent to prevent protein haze in white wines and its impact in major volatile aroma compounds and polyols. , 2018, Food chemistry.

[57]  Kianoush Khosravi-Darani,et al.  The Applications of Nanotechnology in Food Industry , 2011, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[58]  Jae Chan Lee,et al.  Fabrication of a Multi-Walled Nanotube (MWNT) Ionic Liquid Electrode and Its Application for Sensing Phenolics in Red Wines , 2009, Sensors.

[59]  Sunyoung Kwon,et al.  Fabrication of Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensors Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Bimetallic Pt-M (M = Ru and Sn) Catalysts by Radiolytic Deposition , 2012, J. Sensors.

[60]  Cheng Yang,et al.  Recent Advances and Achievements in Nanomaterial-Based, and Structure Switchable Aptasensing Platforms for Ochratoxin A Detection , 2013, Sensors.

[61]  G. Aragão,et al.  Citrinin mycotoxin recognition and removal by naked magnetic nanoparticles. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[62]  M. L. Mena,et al.  Development of a tyrosinase biosensor based on gold nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes: Application to the measurement of a bioelectrochemical polyphenols index in wines , 2005 .

[63]  C. Natale,et al.  Electronic tongue: new analytical tool for liquid analysis on the basis of non-specific sensors and methods of pattern recognition , 2000 .

[64]  Chandra Shekhar Pundir,et al.  An electrochemical sulfite biosensor based on gold coated magnetic nanoparticles modified gold electrode. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[65]  S. Cannistraro,et al.  Nanostructured enzymatic biosensor based on fullerene and gold nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and analytical applications. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[66]  L. Dicks,et al.  Control of malolactic fermentation in wine. a review , 2017 .

[67]  Celia García-Hernández,et al.  Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors , 2016, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology.

[68]  Fernando J. Fonseca,et al.  Artificial Taste Sensor: Efficient Combination of Sensors Made from Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Conducting Polymers and a Ruthenium Complex and Self-Assembled Films of an Azobenzene-Containing Polymer , 2002 .

[69]  Hong Hai,et al.  Electrochemiluminescence sensor using quantum dots based on a G-quadruplex aptamer for the detection of Pb2+ , 2013 .

[70]  Fwu-Shan Sheu,et al.  Pt–Pb alloy nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposite: a strong electrocatalyst for glucose oxidation , 2006 .

[71]  Hossam Haick,et al.  Chemical sensors based on molecularly modified metallic nanoparticles , 2007 .

[72]  E. Lam,et al.  Controlled cell death, plant survival and development , 2004, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[73]  Xin Wu,et al.  Simple and Cost-Effective Glucose Detection Based on Carbon Nanodots Supported on Silver Nanoparticles. , 2017, Analytical chemistry.

[74]  M. Goddard,et al.  Regional microbial signatures positively correlate with differential wine phenotypes: evidence for a microbial aspect to terroir , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[75]  M. M. Joosten,et al.  Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial , 2008, Diabetologia.

[76]  Ernestina Casiraghi,et al.  Discrimination between washed Arabica, natural Arabica and Robusta coffees by using near infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose and electronic tongue analysis. , 2015, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[77]  B. Tariba Metals in Wine—Impact on Wine Quality and Health Outcomes , 2011, Biological Trace Element Research.

[78]  Huangxian Ju,et al.  Application of Colloidal Gold in Protein Immobilization, Electron Transfer, and Biosensing , 2003 .

[79]  Seul-Ki Kim,et al.  Fabrication of a Microbial Biosensor Based on QD-MWNT Supports by a One-Step Radiation Reaction and Detection of Phenolic Compounds in Red Wines , 2011, Sensors.

[80]  Dana Ukropcová,et al.  Multienzymatic amperometric biosensor based on gold and nanocomposite planar electrodes for glycerol determination in wine. , 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

[81]  Rosangela Marchelli,et al.  Recent advances in mycotoxin determination in food and feed by hyphenated chromatographic techniques/mass spectrometry. , 2006, Mass spectrometry reviews.

[82]  A. Gómez-Hens,et al.  Automatic determination of polyphenols in wines using laccase and terbium oxide nanoparticles. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[83]  Xiaojia He,et al.  Nanotechnology in food science: Functionality, applicability, and safety assessment , 2016, Journal of food and drug analysis.

[84]  Nesli Sozer,et al.  Nanotechnology and its applications in the food sector. , 2009, Trends in biotechnology.

[85]  Guobao Xu,et al.  Glucose biosensor based on gold nanoparticle-catalyzed luminol electrochemiluminescence on a three-dimensional sol-gel network , 2008 .

[86]  C. García-Hernández,et al.  Impedimetric electronic tongue based on nanocomposites for the analysis of red wines. Improving the variable selection method , 2018, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

[87]  Christopher M.A. Brett,et al.  Highly sensitive amperometric enzyme biosensor for detection of superoxide based on conducting polymer/CNT modified electrodes and superoxide dismutase , 2016 .

[88]  Manel del Valle,et al.  Evaluation of red wines antioxidant capacity by means of a voltammetric e-tongue with an optimized sensor array , 2014 .

[89]  Seungah Lee,et al.  Single-molecule sandwich immunoassay for quantification of alpha-fetoprotein based on evanescent field-enhanced fluorescence imaging , 2012 .

[90]  D. Barceló,et al.  Laccase-based biosensors for detection of phenolic compounds , 2015 .

[91]  T. V. Duncan,et al.  The communication challenges presented by nanofoods. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[92]  R. Kizek,et al.  Carbon Nanomaterials for Targeted Cancer Therapy Drugs: A Critical Review. , 2018, Chemical record.

[93]  F. Martínez-Martínez,et al.  The Study of Phenolic Compounds as Natural Antioxidants in Wine , 2003, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[94]  Nguyen T. K. Thanh,et al.  Magnetic Nanoparticles : From Fabrication to Clinical Applications , 2012 .

[95]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Biocatalytic growth of Au nanoparticles: from mechanistic aspects to biosensors design. , 2005, Nano letters.

[96]  A. Gómez-Hens,et al.  Determination of polyphenolic content in beverages using laccase, gold nanoparticles and long wavelength fluorimetry. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[97]  Ebru Mavioğlu Ayan,et al.  Electroanalysis of Caffeic Acid in Red Wine and Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters Using an Ag Nanoparticles Modified Poly(Thiophene) Film Glassy Carbon Electrode , 2013 .

[98]  F. Winquist,et al.  Discrimination of tea by means of a voltammetric electronic tongue and different applied waveforms , 2001 .

[99]  A. Riul,et al.  An artificial taste sensor based on conducting polymers. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[100]  C. Voica,et al.  Method validation for determination of heavy metals in wine and slightly alcoholic beverages by ICP-MS , 2009 .

[101]  D. Makovec,et al.  Application of magneto‐responsive Oenococcus oeni for the malolactic fermentation in wine , 2016 .

[102]  M. L. Yola,et al.  Highly Selective and Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor Based on Ruthenium Nanoparticle Anchored Calix[4]amidocrown-5 Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide: Simultaneous Determination of Quercetin, Morin and Rutin in Grape Wine , 2016 .

[103]  A. Srivastava,et al.  Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture , 2018, Environmental Chemistry Letters.

[104]  J. Farinha,et al.  Nanocellulose in green food packaging , 2018, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[105]  A. Venâncio,et al.  Mycotoxin-producing and other fungi isolated from grapes for wine production, with particular emphasis on ochratoxin A. , 2005, Research in microbiology.

[106]  Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez,et al.  Label-free impedimetric aptasensor for ochratoxin-A detection using iridium oxide nanoparticles. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[107]  Kiyoshi Toko,et al.  Evaluation of water quality and pollution using multichannel sensors , 2000 .

[108]  Wouter Olthuis,et al.  Lactate biosensors: current status and outlook , 2013, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.

[109]  William Putzbach,et al.  Immobilization Techniques in the Fabrication of Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review , 2013, Sensors.

[110]  C. Bala,et al.  Highly sensitive label-free immunosensor for ochratoxin A based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and EIS/SPR detection , 2011 .

[111]  Yuming Huang,et al.  CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as oxidase mimic-mediated chemiluminescence of aqueous luminol for sulfite in white wines. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[112]  Nicholas A. Bokulich,et al.  Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[113]  Ioana Vasilescu,et al.  Molybdenum disulphide and graphene quantum dots as electrode modifiers for laccase biosensor. , 2016, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[114]  P. Restani,et al.  Resveratrol, human health and winemaking perspectives , 2019, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[115]  Martin J. Carrier,et al.  Health: Endothelin-1 synthesis reduced by red wine , 2001, Nature.

[116]  I. Lundström,et al.  A hybrid electronic tongue. , 2000 .

[117]  Jianbo Xiao,et al.  Dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: Human Study and Clinical Trial , 2018, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[118]  Andrew L. Waterhouse,et al.  The present and future of the international wine industry , 2002, Nature.

[119]  A. O. Rangel,et al.  Automatic method for the determination of Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity in food products. , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[120]  M. Pividori,et al.  A voltammetric electronic tongue made of modified epoxy-graphite electrodes for the qualitative analysis of wine , 2010 .

[121]  J. Huo,et al.  The “off–on” phosphorescent switch of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots for detection of glutathione in food, wine, and biological samples , 2016 .

[122]  Jochen Weiss,et al.  Functional Materials in Food Nanotechnology , 2006 .

[123]  H. Bokhari,et al.  Potential of polymer stabilized nano-liposomes to enhance antimicrobial activity of nisin Z against foodborne pathogens , 2018, LWT.

[124]  Yanli Zhou,et al.  Electrochemical Evaluation of trans-Resveratrol Levels in Red Wine Based on the Interaction between Resveratrol and Graphene , 2017, Journal of analytical methods in chemistry.

[125]  J. Gilbert,et al.  Microbial terroir for wine grapes , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[126]  M. Saito,et al.  Beneficial effects of grape seed extract on malondialdehyde-modified LDL. , 2007, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.

[127]  J. Riu,et al.  Electrochemical sensing based on carbon nanotubes , 2010 .

[128]  Liang Wu,et al.  A new third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion based on dendritic gold nanostructure , 2014 .

[129]  Jianbin Zheng,et al.  Nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite composed of nickel hydroxide and graphene , 2012, Microchimica Acta.

[130]  R. Paolesse,et al.  Application of a combined artificial olfaction and taste system to the quantification of relevant compounds in red wine , 2000 .

[131]  P. Ray,et al.  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. , 2012, Cellular signalling.

[132]  C. Delerue-Matos,et al.  Towards a reliable technology for antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage evaluation: electrochemical (bio)sensors. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[133]  C. Pundir,et al.  Amperometric determination of total phenolic content in wine by laccase immobilized onto silver nanoparticles/zinc oxide nanoparticles modified gold electrode. , 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

[134]  Ai Lin Chun,et al.  Will the public swallow nanofood? , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[135]  J. Raba,et al.  Modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin A determination in Vitis vinifera red grapes tissues. , 2010, Talanta.

[136]  E. Agostini,et al.  An amperometric biosensor based on peroxidases from Brassica napus for the determination of the total polyphenolic content in wine and tea samples. , 2010, Talanta.

[137]  J. F. Lawrence,et al.  Determination of sulfite in foods by headspace liquid chromatography. , 1988, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[138]  Adriano Brandelli,et al.  Development and characterization of phosphatidylcholine nanovesicles, containing garlic extract, with antilisterial activity in milk. , 2017, Food chemistry.

[139]  T. Noguer,et al.  Electrochemical DNA aptamer-based biosensor for OTA detection, using superparamagnetic nanoparticles , 2011 .

[140]  B. Bartolomé,et al.  Novel biocompatible silver nanoparticles for controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in wines , 2015 .

[141]  M. L. Yola,et al.  A novel electro analytical nanosensor based on graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of quercetin and morin , 2014 .

[142]  C. Martin,et al.  Peer reviewed: nanomaterials in analytical chemistry. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[143]  C. Mao,et al.  Novel biomimetic enzyme for sensitive detection of superoxide anions. , 2017, Talanta.

[144]  W. Koenig,et al.  Effect of Drinking on Adiponectin in Healthy Men and Women , 2009, Diabetes Care.

[145]  I. Lundström,et al.  Electronic tongues for environmental monitoring based on sensor arrays and pattern recognition: a review , 2001 .

[146]  Sang Yup Lee,et al.  Development of gold nanoparticle-aptamer-based LSPR sensing chips for the rapid detection of Salmonella typhimurium in pork meat , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[147]  Nianqiang Wu,et al.  Nanostructured Sensors for Detection of Heavy Metals: A Review , 2013 .

[148]  David A. Mills,et al.  Associations among Wine Grape Microbiome, Metabolome, and Fermentation Behavior Suggest Microbial Contribution to Regional Wine Characteristics , 2016, mBio.

[149]  Xiaohua Zhu,et al.  Amperometric nonenzymatic determination of glucose based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel(II) oxides and graphene , 2013, Microchimica Acta.

[150]  Tai Hyun Park,et al.  Conducting Nanomaterial Sensor Using Natural Receptors. , 2018, Chemical reviews.

[151]  P. Kilmartin,et al.  Determination of the wine preservative sulphur dioxide with cyclic voltammetry using inkjet printed electrodes. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[152]  Ying Sun,et al.  Magnetic solid-phase extraction and ultrafast liquid chromatographic detection of Sudan dyes in red wines, juices, and mature vinegars. , 2012, Journal of separation science.

[153]  H. Azzazy,et al.  Gold nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics , 2009, Expert review of molecular diagnostics.

[154]  L. Kubota,et al.  Integrated, paper-based potentiometric electronic tongue for the analysis of beer and wine. , 2016, Analytica chimica acta.

[155]  T. Rocha-Santos,et al.  Disposable biosensor for detection of iron (III) in wines. , 2016, Talanta.

[156]  Samuel H. Wilson,et al.  Ochratoxin A-induced mutagenesis in mammalian cells is consistent with the production of oxidative stress. , 2007, Chemical research in toxicology.

[157]  M. A. Alonso-Lomillo,et al.  Malate quinone oxidoreductase biosensors based on tetrathiafulvalene and gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for malic acid determination in wine , 2014 .

[158]  Lauro T. Kubota,et al.  Biosensors based on gold nanostructures , 2011 .

[159]  M. Carrier,et al.  Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health , 2006, Nature.

[160]  Miguel Monge,et al.  Applications of Nanotechnology in Wine Production and Quality and Safety Control , 2016 .