Personal Point of View Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Scoliosis is a frequent complication in the non-ambulant patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Weakness of the paraspinal muscles leads to trunk and body positional changes facilitating the development of a progressive collapsing scoliosis which inevitably interferes with comfortable sitting and may exacerbate deteriorating respiratory function. The recommended international standard of care for management of DMD includes strategies to prolong ambulation which may delay the onset of scoliosis. In the non-ambulant child there should be regular monitoring for scoliosis and, when present, surgical treatment should undertaken at an early stage. Careful multi-disciplinary pre-operative assessment and peri-operative care are essential. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[1]  W. Novicoff,et al.  The “Shadow Sign”: A Radiographic Differentiation of Stainless Steel Versus Titanium Spinal Instrumentation in Spine Surgery , 2011, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[2]  Craig McDonald,et al.  Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: implementation of multidisciplinary care , 2010, The Lancet Neurology.

[3]  H. Gurnaney,et al.  Section Editor: Peter J. Davis Malignant Hyperthermia and Muscular Dystrophies , 2022 .

[4]  Hae-Ryong Song,et al.  Pedicle Screw-only Constructs With Lumbar or Pelvic Fixation for Spinal Stabilization in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy , 2009, Journal of spinal disorders & techniques.

[5]  M. Gresty,et al.  Spinal stability is improved by inducing a lumbar lordosis in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a pilot study. , 2008, Gait & posture.

[6]  F. Turturro,et al.  Re: Shapiro F, Zurakowski D, Sethna NF. Tranexamic acid diminishes intraoperative blood loss and transfusion in spinal fusion for Duchenne muscular dystrophy scoliosis. Spine 2007;32:2278-83. , 2008, Spine.

[7]  N. Espinosa,et al.  Scoliosis correction with pedicle screws in Duchenne muscular dystrophy , 2008, European Spine Journal.

[8]  D. Zurakowski,et al.  Tranexamic Acid Diminishes Intraoperative Blood Loss and Transfusion in Spinal Fusions for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Scoliosis , 2007, Spine.

[9]  John Bourke,et al.  Managing Duchenne muscular dystrophy – The additive effect of spinal surgery and home nocturnal ventilation in improving survival , 2007, Neuromuscular Disorders.

[10]  B. Alman,et al.  Long-term benefits of deflazacort treatment for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in their second decade , 2006, Neuromuscular Disorders.

[11]  K. Wong,et al.  Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a developing country over a 10-year period. , 2005 .

[12]  F. Lehmann-Horn,et al.  Complications of anaesthesia in neuromuscular disorders , 2005, Neuromuscular Disorders.

[13]  R. Griggs,et al.  Report on the 124th ENMC International Workshop. Treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy; defining the gold standards of management in the use of corticosteroids 2–4 April 2004, Naarden, The Netherlands , 2004, Neuromuscular Disorders.

[14]  G. Edge,et al.  Spinal fusion in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and a low forced vital capacity , 2003, European Spine Journal.

[15]  G. Bentley,et al.  The treatment of scoliosis in muscular dystrophy using modified Luque and Harrington-Luque instrumentation. , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[16]  J. W. Hardacker,et al.  The Safety and Efficacy of Isola-Galveston Instrumentation and Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Spinal Deformities*† , 2000, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[17]  S. Giannini,et al.  Long-term results of spine surgery in Duchenne muscular dystrophy , 1996, Neuromuscular Disorders.

[18]  J. Hsu.  The development of current approaches to the management of spinal deformity for patients with neuromuscular disease. , 1995, Seminars in neurology.

[19]  F. Miller,et al.  SPINAL FUSION IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY , 1992, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[20]  M. Letts,et al.  Soft Boston Orthosis in Management of Neuromuscular Scoliosis: A Preliminary Report , 1992, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[21]  R. LaPrade,et al.  The operative treatment of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1992, Orthopaedic review.

[22]  W. Fowler,et al.  Scoliosis associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1990, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[23]  C. Moseley,et al.  Unit Rod Segmental Spinal Instrumentation in the Management of Patients with Progressive Neuromuscular Spinal Deformity , 1989, Spine.

[24]  C. Moseley,et al.  Progression of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1989, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[25]  S. Koop,et al.  Management of neuromuscular spinal deformities with Luque segmental instrumentation. , 1989, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[26]  C. Stewart,et al.  Gated radionuclide ventriculography in the evaluation of cardiac function in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. , 1988, Chest.

[27]  V. Dubowitz,et al.  Prevention of Rapidly Progressive Scoliosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Prolongation of Walking with Orthoses , 1988, Journal of child neurology.

[28]  J. Drennan,et al.  Scoliosis Associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy , 1987, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[29]  M. Sussman.  Treatment of Scoliosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy , 1985, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[30]  J. S. Keene,et al.  Interspinous Process Segmental Spinal Instrumentation , 1984, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[31]  B. Allen,et al.  The Galveston Technique of Pelvic Fixation with L-Rod Instrumentation of the Spine , 1984, Spine.

[32]  J. Bach,et al.  The treatment of scoliosis in duchenne muscular dystrophy , 1984, Muscle & nerve.

[33]  Moseley Cf,et al.  Surgical stabilization of the spine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1983 .

[34]  J. Hsu.  The Natural History of Spine Curvature Progression in the Nonambulatory Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patient , 1983, Spine.

[35]  S. Mubarak,et al.  Correlation of Scoliosis and Pulmonary Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy , 1983, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[36]  Sullivan Ja,et al.  Comparison of Harrington instrumentation and segmental spinal instrumentation in the management of neuromuscular spinal deformity. , 1982 .

[37]  E R Luque,et al.  Segmental spinal instrumentation for correction of scoliosis. , 1982, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[38]  E. Luque.  Paralytic scoliosis in growing children. , 1982, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[39]  V. Dubowitz,et al.  Prevention of deformity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A prospective study of passive stretching and splintage. , 1981, Physiotherapy.

[40]  Hsu Jd.  Extremity fractures in children with neuromuscular disease. , 1979 .

[41]  J. Hsu,et al.  Stabilization of the collapsing spine in duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1977, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[42]  G. Leon.  Maintenance of mobility. , 1977 .

[43]  Hsu Jd.  Management of foot deformity in Duchenne's pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. , 1976 .

[44]  D. A. Gibson,et al.  The patterns of spinal deformity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1976, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[45]  D. A. Gibson,et al.  The management of spinal deformities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A new concept of spinal bracing. , 1975, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[46]  V. L. Nickel,et al.  Evolution of treatment of paralytic scoliosis at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital. , 1975, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[47]  L. T. Taft,et al.  The Care and Management of the Child with Muscular Dystrophy , 1973, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[48]  P. R. Harrington.  The history and development of Harrington instrumentation. , 1973, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[49]  A. Dwyer.  Experience of anterior correction of scoliosis. , 1973, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[50]  G. Robin,et al.  Scoliosis in childhood muscular dystrophy. , 1971, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[51]  Johnson Ew,et al.  Comprehensive management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. , 1971 .

[52]  V. Dubowitz.  Progressive Muscular Dystrophy , 1964, Clinical pediatrics.

[53]  P. Vignos,et al.  Management of progressive muscular dystrophy in childhood. , 1963, JAMA.

[54]  J. Walton,et al.  Osseous changes in myopathy. , 1954, The British journal of radiology.

[55]  B. Epstein,et al.  ROENTGENOLOGIC CHANGES IN THE BONES IN CASES OF PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY , 1941 .