Geographic Didactical Approach in Remote Sensing and Sampling Techniques. From the Satellite Imagery to the Territorial Model

Didactic approaches have fundamentally for ambition to set the student in situation of research. The didactics approaches have two pedagogical finalities : The first finality is to train to the observation of the geographic phenomena that can be noticed or recognised in the geographical space. They are signs, cultural significant, land cover, concentration's places activities, which in order this first objective privileged methods of classifications using for example satellite data, sampling techniques, image processing. The most often results are the typologies of geographical objects or geographical phenomena. The geographical reality analysis from the experience of terrain (sampling technique) and " mediators " (satellite data, image processing) has for objective to make pass the student from a confused representation of the geographical space to intelligible data. The second finality is to induce the student to elaborate abstracted general ideas from the suitable observation with the help of remote sensing data and image processing by the constitution of models with Geographical Information System (GIS). This wording and model can be a fundamental dimension of the instrumental didactic approach in geography. It participates in the training of the geographical intelligence. That is to say the capacity to understand and to explain geographical realities. This " active pedagogy " approach has as interest to allow a appropriation of knowledge by the using of quantitative methods : data analysis, image processing, GIS. It gives the student in the framework of the learning and the appropriation of both conceptual and methodological tools. We support its purposes on the example of production of geographical information and modelling the urban region of Casablanca in Morocco.