Shelter sharing and chemical courtship signals in the lobster, Homarus americanus

In a 3.7-m Y-maze flume study of social odor-mediated behavior of mature lobsters (Homarus americanus), females preferred male- but not female-occupied shelters over empty shelters: they detected them from a distance and spent much time trying to enter. Males did not show distant detection and preference for female shelters but did spend much time trying to enter female but not male shelters once nearby. Sheltered resident males showed strong aggression toward visiting males but only mild aggression to visiting females; intermolt and premolt females could enter resident male shelters, cohabit for at least 7 h, receive mating attempts, and sometimes mate. Premolt females or females with sperm plugs resisted mating attempts. Visiting females released more than four times and males more than seven times as much urine during a shelter approach compared with an equal time in isolation. Females with or without urine release entered male-occupied shelters successfully, but mating attempts rarely occurred when female urine release was blocked. Female urine block resulted in greatly increased resident male aggression toward her, reaching the same levels elicited by visiting males with or without urine block. The results show that female urine signals reduce male aggression and facilitate mating. Resume: Au cours d'une etude sur le comportement social regi par des stimuli olfactifs chez les homards a maturite, effectuee dans un labyrinthe en Y de 3,7 m, les femelles preferaient aux abris vides les abris occupes par des mâles mais non par des femelles : elles les detectaient a distance et passaient beaucoup de temps a essayer d'y entrer. On n'a pas observe chez les mâles de comportement a distance de detection et de preference des abris des femelles; une fois a proximite, ils passaient cependant beaucoup de temps a essayer d'entrer dans les abris des femelles mais non dans ceux des autres mâles. Les mâles residants des abris manifestaient une forte agressivite a l'egard des mâles visiteurs, mais une agressivite moderee a l'egard des femelles; les femelles en phases intermue et premue pouvaient entrer dans les abris des mâles residants, cohabiter avec eux pendant au moms 7 h, faire l'objet de tentatives d'accouplement, et parfois s'accoupler. Les femelles en premue ou presentant un bouchon spermatique resistaient aux tentatives d'accouplement. Les femelles en visite liberaient plus de 4 fois plus, et les mâles plus de 7 fois plus, d'urine pendant l'approche d'un abri que pendant une periode egale passee dans l'isolement. Les femelles avec ou sans emission d'urine entraient avec succes dans les abris occupes par les mâles, mais les tentatives d'accouplement avaient rarement lieu lorsque l'emission d'urine etait bloquee chez les femelles. Le blocage de l'emission d'urine chez une femelle provoquait une hausse de l'agressivite du mâle residant a l'egard de la femelle, agressivite qui atteignait le niveau suscite par la visite de mâles, avec ou sans blocage de l'emission d'urine. Les resultats montrent que les signaux constitues par l'emission d'urine chez les femelles reduisent l'agressivite chez les mâles et facilitent l'accouplement. (Traduit par la Redaction)

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