Diet-induced improvement of abnormalities in insulin and glucagon secretion and in insulin receptor binding in diabetes mellitus.

Abstract The effect of weight loss and caloric restriction on plasma glucose concentration, insulin and glucagon secretion in response to oral and iv glucose and arginine infusions, and insulin binding to mononuclear cell receptors was examined in 10 subjects with newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetes mellitus [DM; fasting plasma glucose, 260 ± 8 mg/dl (mean ± SE)] and in 10 nondiabetic control subjects. Initially, the insulin response to glucose was absent in the DM subjects, but a distinct response occurred after iv arginine (P < 0.001). Caloric restriction and weight loss led to restoration of normal fasting plasma glucose levels in the DM patients (98 ± 4 mg/dl; P < 0.001) and little change in the control subjects. Serum insulin levels in response to glucose in DM increased significantly after weight loss compared to initial values (P < 0.01) but showed no change in response to arginine. In contrast, in the control subjects, the serum insulin responses to glucose decreased significantly (P < 0.05). ...

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