Physical Properties of Wolf-Rayet Stars
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] P. Conti,et al. Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars. IV - Optical spectrophotometry of the emission lines in galactic and large Magellanic Cloud stars , 1989 .
[2] Andre Maeder,et al. Stellar Evolution with Rotation , 2000 .
[3] T. Morel,et al. Hydrogen in the atmosphere of the evolved WN3 Wolf–Rayet star WR 3: defying an evolutionary paradigm? , 2004 .
[4] M. Barlow,et al. The determination of wind terminal velocities and ionic abundances from infrared fine-structure lines: the WC8 component of γ Velorum , 1988 .
[5] J. Zahn. Circulation and turbulence in rotating stars , 1992 .
[6] R. Schild,et al. Spectral Classification of Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1966 .
[7] R. Schulte-Ladbeck,et al. Tailored Analyses of the WN 8 Stars WR 40 and WR 16 , 2001 .
[8] Linda J. Smith,et al. A study of the luminous blue variable candidate He 3-519 and its surrounding nebula , 1994 .
[9] Kyiv,et al. Oxygen abundance variations in the system of the two blue compact dwarf galaxies SBS 0335-052E and SBS 0335-052W , 2006, astro-ph/0604270.
[10] P. Morris,et al. Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Spectroscopy of the Prototype Wolf-Rayet Star EZ Canis Majoris (HD 50896) , 2004 .
[11] V. Usov. Stellar wind collision and dust formation in long-period, heavily interacting Wolf-Rayet binaries. , 1991 .
[12] T. Nugis,et al. The mass-loss rates of Wolf{Rayet stars explained by optically thick radiation driven wind models , 2002 .
[13] Kris Davidson,et al. THE LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES: ASTROPHYSICAL GEYSERS , 1994 .
[14] M. Shara,et al. Probing the luminous stellar cores of the giant H II regions 30 DOR in the LMC and NGC 3603 in the Galaxy , 1985 .
[15] J. Hutchings,et al. An Atlas of Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of Wolf-Rayet Stars from the FUSE Satellite , 2004 .
[16] P. Massey. Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars with absorption lines. I - The probable single WN5 star HD 193077 , 1980 .
[17] G. Meynet,et al. STELLAR EVOLUTION WITH ROTATION. I. THE COMPUTATIONAL METHOD AND THE INHIBITING EFFECT OF THE MU -GRADIENT , 1997 .
[18] D. Morton. The far-ultraviolet spectra of six stars in Orion. , 1967 .
[19] A. Pollock,et al. On the optical counterpart of NGC 300 X-1 and the global Wolf-Rayet content of NGC 300 , 2007, 0705.1544.
[20] R. Blomme,et al. Line formation in solar granulation VI. [Cl], Cl, CH and C2 lines and the photospheric C abundance , 2004, astro-ph/0410681.
[21] Alexander Heger,et al. The Progenitor Stars of Gamma-Ray Bursts , 2005, astro-ph/0508175.
[22] R. Humphreys,et al. Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. III. Comments on the evolution of the most massive stars in the Milky Way and the large magellanic cloud , 1979 .
[23] A. D. Koter,et al. The gamma Velorum binary system , 2000 .
[24] A. D. Koter,et al. Mass loss from stars and the evolution of stellar clusters : proceedings of a workshop held at Lunteren, The Netherlands 29 May - 1 June 2006 , 2008 .
[25] N. Walborn,et al. THE OFPE/WN9 CLASS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD , 1989 .
[26] A. Maeder,et al. Wolf-Rayet stars in clusters: the initial stellar masses and evolutionary connections between subtypes , 1984 .
[27] H. Zeipel,et al. The Radiative Equilibrium of a Rotating System of Gaseous Masses , 1924 .
[28] J. Vink,et al. Implications of the metallicity dependence of Wolf-Rayet winds , 2006, astro-ph/0603188.
[29] L. Drissen,et al. Spectroscopic evidence for rapid blob ejection in Wolf-Rayet stars , 1988 .
[30] A. J. Levan,et al. Long γ-ray bursts and core-collapse supernovae have different environments , 2006, Nature.
[31] Zhi-Yun Li,et al. The Diversity of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and the Surroundings of Massive Stars , 2003, astro-ph/0311326.
[32] G. Gräfener,et al. Wolf-Rayet stars of the carbon sequence , 2006 .
[33] G. García-Segura,et al. THE HYDRODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR GAS AROUND MASSIVE STARS. II. THE IMPACT OF THE TIME SEQUENCE O STAR RSG WR STAR , 1996 .
[34] Norbert Langer,et al. Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts , 2005 .
[35] D. Hillier. Modeling the extended atmospheres of WN stars , 1987 .
[36] S. E. Woosley,et al. How Massive Single Stars End Their Life , 2003 .
[37] R. Townsend,et al. Excitation of g modes in Wolf—Rayet stars by a deep opacity bump , 2006, astro-ph/0601154.
[38] L. A. Antonelli,et al. SN 2003lw and GRB 031203: A Bright Supernova for a Faint Gamma-Ray Burst , 2004, astro-ph/0405449.
[39] L. Anderson. Line blanketing without local thermodynamic equilibrium. II - A solar-type model in radiative equilibrium , 1989 .
[40] E. Le Floc'h,et al. Detection of Wolf-Rayet stars in host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) : are GRBs produced by runaway massive stars ejected from high stellar density regions? , 2006 .
[41] W. Schmutz,et al. A spectroscopic search for the non-nuclear Wolf-Rayet population of the metal-rich spiral galaxy M 83 , 2005, astro-ph/0506343.
[42] Robert D. Gehrz,et al. Mass and Kinetic Energy of the Homunculus Nebula around η Carinae , 2003 .
[43] L. Lucy,et al. Multiline Transfer and the Dynamics of Stellar Winds , 1985 .
[44] M. Barlow,et al. Discovery of a WO star in the Scutum—Crux arm of the inner Galaxy , 2004, astro-ph/0403482.
[45] Linda J. Smith,et al. Wind Inhomogeneities in Wolf-Rayet Stars. IV. Using Clumps to Probe the Wind Structure in the WC8 Star HD 192103 , 2000 .
[46] G. Meynet,et al. Stellar evolution with rotation X. Wolf-Rayet star populations at solar metallicity , 2022 .
[47] S. V. Dyk,et al. Searching for hidden Wolf–Rayet stars in the Galactic plane – 15 new Wolf–Rayet stars , 2006, astro-ph/0612574.
[48] C. Leitherer,et al. The Massive Stellar Content in the Starburst NGC 3049: A Test for Hot-Star Models , 2002, astro-ph/0209067.
[49] C. Leitherer,et al. Searching for Wolf-Rayet Stars in I Zw 18: the Origin of He II Emission , 1998, astro-ph/9805342.
[50] P. Massey. Massive Stars in the Local Group: Implications for Stellar Evolution and Star Formation , 2003 .
[51] P. Morris,et al. Quantitative analysis of WC stars: constraints on neon abundances from ISO-SWS spectroscopy , 2000, astro-ph/0001228.
[52] W. Vacca,et al. A census of the Wolf–Rayet content in Westerlund 1 from near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy , 2006, astro-ph/0608356.
[53] D. King,et al. Infrared helium emission lines from Cygnus X-3 suggesting a Wolf-Rayet star companion , 1992, Nature.
[54] Peter S. Conti,et al. Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1987 .
[55] P. Crowther,et al. An Ultraviolet to Mid-Infrared Study of the Physical and Wind Properties of HD 164270 (WC9) and Comparison to BD +30 3639 ([WC9]) , 2005, astro-ph/0509343.
[56] E. A. Milne. On the possibility of the emission of high-speed atoms from the sun and stars , 1926 .
[57] M. Barlow,et al. Quantitative classification of WC and WO stars , 1998 .
[58] P. Morris,et al. A 0.4-20 mu m spectroscopic study of the clumped wind of WR 147 , 2000 .
[59] Y. Chu,et al. Galactic ring nebulae associated with Wolf-Rayet stars. VIII: Summary and atlas , 1983 .
[60] M. Livio,et al. Binary star progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts , 2007, astro-ph/0702540.
[61] W. Schmutz,et al. Revised mass determination of the super massive Wolf-Rayet star WR 22 ? , 1999 .
[62] M. Barlow,et al. Terminal Velocities for a Large Sample of O Stars, B Supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1990 .
[63] P. Conti,et al. The spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars. I - Optical line strengths and the hydrogen-to-helium ratios in WN type stars , 1983 .
[64] Linda J. Smith,et al. Realistic ionizing fluxes for young stellar populations from 0.05 to 2 Z , 2002, astro-ph/0207554.
[65] S. Owocki,et al. On the Role of Continuum-driven Eruptions in the Evolution of Very Massive Stars and Population III Stars , 2006, astro-ph/0606174.
[66] P. Conti,et al. Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars. III - The WC subclass , 1986 .
[67] S. Smartt,et al. Gemini observations of Wolf-Rayet stars in the Local Group starburst galaxy IC 10 , 2003, astro-ph/0302475.
[68] T. Nugis. Clumping-corrected mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars: comparison with the optically thick wind model , 1998 .
[69] B. Bohannan,et al. Quantitative Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Of and WNL Stars , 1999 .
[70] G. Gräfener,et al. Grids of model spectra for WN stars, ready for use , 2004 .
[71] P. Conti,et al. Massive stars in M31. , 1986 .
[72] Gordon A. H. Walker,et al. Oscillations in the Massive Wolf-Rayet Star WR 123 with the MOST Satellite , 2005 .
[73] S. Rappaport,et al. The Effects of Binary Evolution on the Dynamics of Core Collapse and Neutron Star Kicks , 2003, astro-ph/0309588.
[74] R. Weaver,et al. Interstellar bubbles. II - Structure and evolution , 1977 .
[75] Mass-loss rate determination for the massive binary V444 Cygni using 3-D Monte-Carlo simulations of line and polarization variability , 2002, astro-ph/0203451.
[76] Sara R. Heap,et al. Isolating Clusters with Wolf-Rayet Stars in I Zw 18 , 2002, astro-ph/0210089.
[77] Kris Davidson,et al. On the Nature of the Central Source in η Carinae , 2001 .
[78] M. Audard,et al. Wind clumping and the wind-wind collision zone in the Wolf-Rayet binary gamma ² Velorum observations at high and low state. XMM-Newton observations at high and low state , 2004 .
[79] D. Vanbeveren,et al. The effects of binaries on the evolution of Wolf-Rayet type spectral features in starbursts , 2003 .
[80] C. Leitherer,et al. Radio Continuum Measurements of Southern Early-Type Stars. II. A Distance-limited Sample of Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1995 .
[81] R. Kudritzki,et al. WINDS FROM HOT STARS , 2000 .
[82] M. Barlow,et al. The Radio and Infrared Spectrum of Early-type Stars Undergoing Mass Loss , 1975 .
[83] Y. Chu,et al. H II Regions With He II Emission , 1991 .
[84] I. Howarth,et al. A spectropolarimetric survey of northern hemisphere Wolf–Rayet stars , 1998 .
[85] Philip Massey,et al. The effective temperature scale of galactic red supergiants : Cool, but not as cool as we thought , 2005 .
[86] G. Meynet,et al. Stellar evolution with rotation XI. Wolf-Rayet star populations at different metallicities , 2005 .
[87] M. Barlow,et al. Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Spectroscopy of the O VI Resonance Doublet in Sand 2 (WO) , 2000 .
[88] A. Pollock,et al. Colliding Winds from Early-Type Stars in Binary Systems , 1992 .
[89] Paul A. Crowther,et al. On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1 , 2005 .
[90] A. Moffat,et al. Magellanic Cloud WC/WO Wolf–Rayet stars – I. Binary frequency and Roche lobe overflow formation , 2001 .
[91] W. Schmutz. PHOTON LOSS FROM THE HELIUM LYALPHA LINE : THE KEY TO THE ACCELERATION OFWOLF-RAYET WINDS , 1997 .
[92] Linda J. Smith,et al. Fundamental parameters of Wolf-Rayet stars. VI. Large Magellanic Cloud WNL stars. , 1997 .
[93] N. Langer. Wolf-Rayet stars of type WN/WC and mixing processes during core helium burning of massive stars , 1991 .
[94] K. Pedersen,et al. A very energetic supernova associated with the γ-ray burst of 29 March 2003 , 2003, Nature.
[95] P. Crowther,et al. Reduced Wolf-Rayet line luminosities at low metallicity , 2005, astro-ph/0512183.
[96] L. Dessart,et al. Stellar and wind properties of LMC WC4 stars A metallicity dependence for Wolf-Rayet mass-loss rates ? , 2002, astro-ph/0206233.
[97] P. Massey. Absolute spectrophotometry of northern Wolf-Rayet stars - How similar are the colors? , 1984 .
[98] M. Pettini,et al. Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Spectra of z ∼ 3 Lyman Break Galaxies , 2003, astro-ph/0301230.
[99] D. Hillier. WC Stars: Hot Stars with Cold Winds , 1989 .
[100] A. D. Koter,et al. Wolf-Rayet nebulae as tracers of stellar ionizing fluxes: I. M1-67 , 1999, astro-ph/9908200.
[101] Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope Confirmation of the Luminous and Variable X-Ray Source IC 10 X-1 as a Possible Wolf-Rayet, Black Hole Binary , 2003, astro-ph/0310039.
[102] Jaymie M. Matthews,et al. Photometric Determination of Orbital Inclinations and Mass Loss Rates for Wolf-Rayet Stars in WR+O Binaries , 1996 .
[103] P. Conti,et al. The evolution of massive stars: the numbers and distribution of O stars and Wolf-Rayet stars , 1983 .
[104] M. Audard,et al. Wind clumping and the wind-wind collision zone in the Wolf-Rayet binary γ 2 Velorum ⋆ , 2004, astro-ph/0404610.
[105] G. Meynet,et al. Yields of rotating stars at solar metallicity , 2004, astro-ph/0412454.
[106] S. Gaposchkin,et al. Moving Envelopes of Stars , 1960 .
[107] P. M. Williams,et al. Terminal velocities of Wolf–Rayet winds from infrared He I lines , 1994 .
[108] P. Massey,et al. The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. II. Results from 12 Galactic Clusters and OB Associations , 2001 .
[109] N. Morrell,et al. A CNO Dichotomy among O2 Giant Spectra in the Magellanic Clouds , 2004, astro-ph/0403557.
[110] Karel A. van der Hucht,et al. The VIIth catalogue of galactic Wolf–Rayet stars , 2001 .
[111] P. Massey,et al. Evolved Massive Stars in the Local Group. II. A New Survey for Wolf-Rayet Stars in M33 and Its Implications for Massive Star Evolution: Evidence of the “Conti Scenario” in Action , 1998 .
[112] William D. Vacca,et al. New Models for Wolf-Rayet and O Star Populations in Young Starbursts , 1997, astro-ph/9711140.
[113] P. Conti,et al. Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars. VI : Optical spectrophotometry of near-infrared emission lines in some galactic stars , 1990 .
[114] S. Dougherty,et al. Radio and infrared structure of the colliding-wind Wolf-Rayet system WR147 , 1997 .
[115] S. Owocki,et al. Inferring hot-star-wind acceleration from Line Profile Variability , 2004, astro-ph/0411288.
[116] P. Conti,et al. Spectroscopic Studies of Wolf-Rayet Stars with Absorption Lines - Part Five - HD9974 - a Single WN3 , 1981 .
[117] D. Hillier. The effects of electron scattering and wind clumping for early emission line stars , 1991 .
[118] Lindsey F. Smith. Absolute Magnitudes and Intrinsic Colours of Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1968 .
[119] Chris L. Fryer,et al. The Environments around Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors , 2006, astro-ph/0604432.
[120] P. A. Mazzali,et al. The Type Ic Hypernova SN 2003dh/GRB 030329 , 2003, astro-ph/0309555.
[121] Anthony F. J. Moffat,et al. A three-dimensional classification for WN stars , 1996 .
[122] C. Leitherer,et al. What are the Mass-Loss Rates of O Stars? , 1993 .
[123] N. Langer,et al. Are luminous and metal-rich Wolf-Rayet stars inflated? , 2006 .
[124] M. Dopita,et al. Abundances of the heavy elements in the Magellanic Clouds. II - H II regions and supernova remnants , 1990 .
[125] G. Rybicki,et al. Time-dependent models of radiatively driven stellar winds. I - Nonlinear evolution of instabilities for a pure absorption model , 1988 .
[126] G. Mars,et al. Direct constraint on the distance of $\gamma^2$ Velorum from AMBER/VLTI observations , 2006, astro-ph/0610936.
[127] D. Eichler,et al. Particle acceleration and nonthermal radio emission in binaries of early-type stars , 1993 .
[128] Lindsey F. Smith. A revised spectral classification system and a new catalogue for galactic Wolf-Rayet stars , 1968 .
[129] P. Crowther,et al. Remarkable spectral variability in WR 104 (WC9): dust condensation in a hostile environment? , 1997 .
[130] D. Schaerer,et al. New catalogue of Wolf-Rayet galaxies and high-excitation extra-galactic HII regions , 1998, astro-ph/9812347.
[131] D. Hillier. The formation of nitrogen and carbon emission lines in HD 50896 (WN5) , 1988 .
[132] N. Langer,et al. Presupernova Evolution of Rotating Massive Stars. I. Numerical Method and Evolution of the Internal Stellar Structure , 1999, astro-ph/9904132.
[133] N. Langer. Coupled mass and angular momentum loss of massive main sequence stars , 1998 .
[134] G. Gamow. On WC and WN Stars. , 1943 .
[135] A. MacFadyen,et al. Collapsars: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Explosions in “Failed Supernovae” , 1998, astro-ph/9810274.
[136] S. Smartt,et al. The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: mass loss and rotation of early-type stars in the SMC , 2006, astro-ph/0606403.
[137] E. Dorfi,et al. A MOST probable explanation of the pulsation of WR 123 , 2006 .
[138] R. Schulte-Ladbeck,et al. The Geometry of HD 165763: A Polarization Study of a WC Star , 1999 .
[139] D. John Hillier,et al. The Treatment of Non-LTE Line Blanketing in Spherically Expanding Outflows , 1998 .
[140] Kris Davidson,et al. Eta carinae and its environment , 1997 .
[141] S. Carpano,et al. A Wolf-Rayet/black-hole X-ray binary candidate in NGC 300 , 2006, astro-ph/0611424.
[142] William C. Danchi,et al. A dusty pinwheel nebula around the massive star WR104 , 1999, Nature.
[143] Steven R. Cranmer,et al. Inhibition of Wind-Compressed Disk Formation by Nonradial Line Forces in Rotating Hot-Star Winds , 1996 .
[144] John I. Castor,et al. Radiation-driven winds in Of stars. , 1975 .
[145] W.-R. Hamann,et al. The Galactic WN stars. Spectral analyses with line-blanketed model atmospheres versus stellar evolut , 2006 .
[146] Kenneth R. Lang. Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1992 .
[147] Richard F. Green,et al. I Zw 18: A New Wolf-Rayet Galaxy , 1997 .
[148] D. Abbott,et al. The return of mass and energy to the interstellar medium by winds from early-type stars , 1982 .
[149] L. Dessart,et al. Quantitative spectroscopy of Wolf—Rayet stars in HD 97950 and R136a — the cores of giant H ii regions , 1998 .
[150] L. Koesterke,et al. Line-blanketed model atmospheres for WR stars , 2002 .
[151] I. Howarth,et al. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars , 1992 .
[152] H. Sana,et al. The spectrum of the very massive binary system WR 20a (WN6ha + WN6ha): Fundamental parameters and wind interactions , 2005 .
[153] M. Dopita,et al. An Atlas of the Interstellar Environment of Wolf-Rayet Stars in the Magellanic Clouds , 1994 .
[154] M. Azzopardi,et al. The fourth catalogue of Population I Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud ? , 1999 .
[155] D. G. Hummer,et al. C/He abundances in WC stars , 1988 .
[156] On the effective temperature scale of O stars , 2001, astro-ph/0111233.
[157] Jorick S. Vink,et al. On the metallicity dependence of Wolf-Rayet winds , 2005 .
[158] K. A. van der Hucht,et al. Infrared photometry of late-type Wolf-Rayet stars. , 1987 .
[159] P. Storey,et al. PROPERTIES OF THE WO WOLF-RAYET STARS , 1995 .
[161] Donald F. Figer. An upper limit to the masses of stars , 2005, Nature.
[162] Paolo A. Mazzali,et al. Light Curve and Spectral Models for the Hypernova SN 1998bw Associated with GRB 980425 , 2000, astro-ph/0007010.
[163] D. Kiselman,et al. Line formation in solar granulation IV. (O I), O I and OH lines and the photospheric O abundance , 2003, astro-ph/0312290.
[164] C. Leitherer,et al. THEORETICAL CONTINUUM ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR WOLF-RAYET STARS , 1992 .
[165] J. Puls,et al. Stellar and wind parameters of Galactic O-stars - The influence of line-blocking/blanketing , 2004 .
[166] Constraints on gamma-ray burst and supernova progenitors through circumstellar absorption lines , 2005, astro-ph/0507659.
[167] W. Schmutz,et al. XMM-Newton and Very Large Array Observations of the Variable Wolf-Rayet Star EZ Canis Majoris: Evidence for a Close Companion? , 2002, astro-ph/0207171.
[168] L. Lucy,et al. Multiline transfer and the dynamics of Wolf-Rayet winds , 1993 .
[169] P. Conti,et al. Spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars. V - Optical spectrophotometry of the emission lines in Small Magellanic Cloud stars , 1989 .
[170] V. Piirola,et al. Polarization eclipse model of the Wolf-Rayet binary V444 Cygni with constraints on the stellar radii and an estimate of the Wolf-Rayet mass-loss rate , 1993 .
[171] P. Crowther,et al. How extreme are the Wolf–Rayet clusters in NGC 3125?* , 2006, astro-ph/0602591.
[172] Doug L. Miller,et al. Constraints on the Evolution of Massive Stars through Spectral Analysis. I. The WC5 Star HD 165763 , 1999 .
[173] Peter Tuthill,et al. Pinwheels in the Quintuplet Cluster , 2006, Science.
[174] M. Irwin,et al. A 2dF survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud , 2004, astro-ph/0406409.
[175] D. R. Florkowski,et al. Multi-frequency variations of the Wolf-Rayet system HD 193793. I : Infrared, X-ray and radio observations , 1990 .
[176] W. Hamann,et al. Hydrodynamic model atmospheres for WR stars - Self-consistent modeling of a WC star wind , 2004, astro-ph/0410697.
[177] P. Massey,et al. Wolf-Rayets in IC10: Probing the Nearest Starburst , 2002, astro-ph/0210119.
[178] C. Foellmi,et al. Wolf—Rayet binaries in the Magellanic Clouds and implications for massive-star evolution — I. Small Magellanic Cloud , 2003 .
[179] A. Moffat,et al. An Extreme Case of a Misaligned Highly Flattened Wind in the Wolf-Rayet Binary CX Cephei , 2005, astro-ph/0507616.
[180] W. Schmutz,et al. Spectral analysis of 30 Wolf-Rayet stars , 1989 .
[181] N. Langer,et al. Mass-dependent mass loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars. , 1989 .
[182] J. Cassinelli,et al. Wolf-Rayet stars as starting points or as endpoints of the evolution of massive stars? , 1991 .
[183] H. Zinnecker,et al. Toward Understanding Massive Star Formation , 2007, 0707.1279.
[184] T. Nugis,et al. Mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters , 2000 .