Modelling land management effect on ecosystem functions and services: a study in the Netherlands

Knowledge on the effect of land management on ecosystem services (ESSs) is essential for making decisions on land management. Current modelling approaches that aim to assist decision making generally do not distinguish between ecosystem functions (ESFs) and ESSs, or include land management effects. Our objective was to model the effect of land management on multiple ESSs in ‘Het Groene Woud’, the Netherlands. Based on quantitative and spatial relationships, we mapped and modelled eight ESFs and ESSs. Next, three ESSs were analysed under two quantitative management scenarios. Natural areas and green landscape elements proved crucial for providing recreation and regulating services. Agricultural areas mainly provide milk and fodder but few other services. We conclude that land use type and green landscape elements are suitable variables for modelling land management effects. Our study underlines that the stepwise analysis of ESSs is essential to understand the interactions between services. The generic relationships we established enable the application of the method for other areas, either inside or outside the Netherlands. The ESF and ESS maps can be used for regional management, because they provide location-specific quantitative information on ecosystems' capacity to provide services as well as on the service provision itself.

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