The EEG Study on Addictive Inducement of Game Disorder in Undergraduate Students

Game disorder (GD) can reduce the ability of cognitive control and lead to negative consequences in many aspects of the individual life. To explore the addictive inducement of GD, the electroencephalography (EEG) evoked by video, flash, or audio of game videos was analyzed. The power spectral density (PSD) on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequencies was employed as quantitative features. The results reveal that the addicted and non-addicted individuals may be more sensitive to audio and flash of game videos, respectively. The silent video and flash of game video can activate brain activities by suppressing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequencies in all individuals. Besides, the addicted ones appear to have extra suppressed brain activities evoked by audio on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> waves of the frontal area and on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> waves of the visual area. This may be the remarkable electrophysiological marker between addicted and non-addicted individuals. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that impulsive and self-disciplined may be the underlying personality factors of GD for multiplayer online battle arena games. Moreover, this kind of game may not increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder.

[1]  Jung-Seok Choi,et al.  Enhanced resting-state EEG source functional connectivity within the default mode and reward-salience networks in internet gaming disorder , 2022, Psychological Medicine.

[2]  S. Suppiah,et al.  Electroencephalography-detected neurophysiology of internet addiction disorder and internet gaming disorder in adolescents - A review. , 2021, The Medical journal of Malaysia.

[3]  Meng Zhang,et al.  Negative Effects of Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency on Spontaneous Brain Microstates: Evidence From Resting-State EEG , 2021, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.

[4]  Y. Balhara,et al.  Development and validation of gaming disorder and hazardous gaming scale (GDHGS) based on the WHO framework (ICD-11 criteria) of disordered gaming. , 2020, Asian journal of psychiatry.

[5]  C. Im,et al.  EEG response to game-craving according to personal preference for games , 2020, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[6]  C. Mokrysz,et al.  Teenagers, Compared to Adults, are More Vulnerable to the Psychotic-Like and Addiction-Forming Risks Associated With Chronic Cannabis Use , 2020, Biological Psychiatry.

[7]  I. Kim,et al.  Diminished Frontal Theta Activity During Gaming in Young Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder , 2019, Front. Neurosci..

[8]  Shan Li,et al.  Relative Wavelet Entropy Complex Network for Improving EEG-Based Fatigue Driving Classification , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[9]  S. Ueno,et al.  Internet addiction and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. , 2019, Research in developmental disabilities.

[10]  Jinxing Lin,et al.  Pilots’ Fatigue Status Recognition Using Deep Contractive Autoencoder Network , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[11]  T. Thiagarajan,et al.  EEG Frequency Bands in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Resting State Studies , 2019, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[12]  J. Kwon,et al.  Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Resilience as a Protective Factor in Patients with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Resting-State EEG Coherence Study , 2019, Journal of clinical medicine.

[13]  Shervin Shirmohammadi,et al.  FOCUS: Detecting ADHD Patients by an EEG-Based Serious Game , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[14]  M. Griffiths,et al.  Neurobiological Correlates in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review , 2018, Front. Psychiatry.

[15]  Jung-Yong Kim,et al.  Development of a Diagnostic Algorithm to Identify Psycho-Physiological Game Addiction Attributes Using Statistical Parameters , 2017, IEEE Access.

[16]  Jung-Seok Choi,et al.  Neural connectivity in Internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder: A resting-state EEG coherence study , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[17]  K. Yuan,et al.  Frontostriatal circuits, resting state functional connectivity and cognitive control in internet gaming disorder , 2017, Addiction biology.

[18]  F. Liarokapis,et al.  EEG correlates of video game experience and user profile in motor-imagery-based brain–computer interaction , 2017, The Visual Computer.

[19]  M. Mazei-Robison,et al.  Reward Circuitry in Addiction , 2017, Neurotherapeutics.

[20]  Laurie Quinn,et al.  Altered Autonomic Functions and Distressed Personality Traits in Male Adolescents with Internet Gaming Addiction , 2016, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[21]  Y. Khazaal,et al.  Psychometric properties of the 7-item game addiction scale among french and German speaking adults , 2016, BMC Psychiatry.

[22]  Mahfuzah Mustafa,et al.  OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING GAMES WITH THE HUMAN BRAIN WAVES , 2015 .

[23]  B. Klein,et al.  The effects of playing Nintendo Wii on depression, sense of belonging and social support in Australian aged care residents: a protocol study of a mixed methods intervention trial , 2015, BMC Geriatrics.

[24]  Gert-Jan Meerkerk,et al.  An fMRI study of cognitive control in problem gamers , 2015, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[25]  Wei Li,et al.  Decreased Prefrontal Lobe Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Primary Study Using Resting-State fMRI , 2015, PloS one.

[26]  C. Chan,et al.  Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction. , 2015, Addictive behaviors.

[27]  K. Mann,et al.  Avatar's neurobiological traces in the self-concept of massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) addicts. , 2015, Behavioral neuroscience.

[28]  Ya-song Du,et al.  Trait impulsivity and impaired prefrontal impulse inhibition function in adolescents with internet gaming addiction revealed by a Go/No-Go fMRI study , 2014, Behavioral and Brain Functions.

[29]  M. Tian,et al.  PET imaging reveals brain functional changes in internet gaming disorder , 2014, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[30]  Mehmet Barış Horzum,et al.  Computer Game Addiction in Adolescents and Its Relationship to Chronotype and Personality , 2014 .

[31]  Maria Manuela Cruz-Cunha,et al.  Handbook of Research on ICTs and Management Systems for Improving Efficiency in Healthcare and Social Care , 2013 .

[32]  M. Griffiths,et al.  Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Studies , 2012, Brain sciences.

[33]  Reiner Hanewinkel,et al.  Co-Occurrence of Addictive Behaviours: Personality Factors Related to Substance Use, Gambling and Computer Gaming , 2012, European Addiction Research.

[34]  Alexander von Eye,et al.  Information technology use and creativity: Findings from the Children and Technology Project , 2012, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[35]  C. Olsen,et al.  Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions , 2011, Neuropharmacology.

[36]  G. Schwartz,et al.  Short-term effects of repeated olfactory administration of homeopathic Sulphur or Pulsatilla on electroencephalographic alpha power in healthy young adults , 2011, Homeopathy.

[37]  Scott Watter,et al.  Task switching in video game players: Benefits of selective attention but not resistance to proactive interference. , 2010, Acta psychologica.

[38]  Mark D. Griffiths,et al.  Gaming Addiction : The Role of Sensation Seeking , Self-Control , Neuroticism , Aggression , State Anxiety , and Trait Anxiety , 2010 .

[39]  Lily Shui-Lien Chen,et al.  Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from the Different Personality Traits of Online Game Teenager Players , 2008, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[40]  Edward Shih-Tse Wang,et al.  Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction among Online Game Players , 2008, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[41]  S. Baron-Cohen,et al.  The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger Syndrome/High-Functioning Autism, Malesand Females, Scientists and Mathematicians , 2001, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[42]  D. Brooks,et al.  Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game , 1998, Nature.

[43]  Chuangquan Chen,et al.  Fusing Frequency-Domain Features and Brain Connectivity Features for Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition , 2022, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[44]  Shaohua Teng,et al.  A Mobile Gesture Interaction Method for Augmented Reality Games Using Hybrid Filters , 2022, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[45]  Zhiyi Yang,et al.  EEG-Based Emotion Recognition With Haptic Vibration by a Feature Fusion Method , 2022, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[46]  Weidong Dang,et al.  A Novel Complex Network-Based Graph Convolutional Network in Major Depressive Disorder Detection , 2022, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[47]  S. Barma,et al.  Emotion Recognition by Discriminating EEG Segments With High Affective Content From Automatically Selected Relevant Channels , 2022, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[48]  Shuo Yang,et al.  Differences in EEG Microstate Induced by Gaming: A Comparison Between the Gaming Disorder Individual, Recreational Game Users and Healthy Controls , 2021, IEEE Access.

[49]  Zhang Wan-zh.  The application evaluation of the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale among urban middle school students , 2015 .

[50]  Danilo P. Mandic,et al.  Augmented Complex Common Spatial Patterns for Classification of Noncircular EEG From Motor Imagery Tasks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[51]  Su-chan Wen.  Development of the Internet Situational Temptation Scale in college students , 2012 .

[52]  In Kyoon Lyoo,et al.  Brain activity and desire for Internet video game play. , 2011, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[53]  H. Abdi,et al.  Lilliefors / Van Soest ’ s test of normality , 2006 .

[54]  D H Brainard,et al.  The Psychophysics Toolbox. , 1997, Spatial vision.

[55]  P. Costa,et al.  Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) , 1992 .