Low temperature treatment of domestic wastewater by purple phototrophic bacteria: Performance, activity, and community.

Low wastewater temperatures affect microbial growth rates and microbial populations, as well as physical chemical characteristics of the wastewater. Wastewater treatment plant design needs to accommodate changing temperatures, and somewhat limited capacity is a key criticism of low strength anaerobic treatment such as Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR). This study evaluates the applicability of an alternative platform utilizing purple phototrophic bacteria for low temperature domestic wastewater treatment. Two photo-anaerobic membrane bioreactors (PAnMBR) at ambient (22 °C) and low temperatures (10 °C) were compared to fully evaluate temperature response of critical processes. The results show good functionality at 10 °C in comparison with ambient operation. This enabled operation at 10 °C to discharge limits (TCOD < 100 mg L(-1); TN < 10 mg L(-1) and TP < 1 mg L(-1)) at a HRT < 1 d. While capacity of the system was not limited, microbial community showed a strong shift to a far narrower diversity, almost complete dominance by PPB, and of a single Rhodobacter spp. compared to a more diverse community in the ambient reactor. The outcomes of the current work enable applicability of PPB for domestic wastewater treatment to a broad range of regions.

[1]  Richard D. Robarts,et al.  Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom‐forming cyanobacteria , 1987 .

[2]  Grietje Zeeman,et al.  High specific activity for anammox bacteria enriched from activated sludge at 10°C. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[3]  J. Ormerod.  The Phototrophic Bacteria: Anaerobic Life in the Light , 1983 .

[4]  J. A. Álvarez,et al.  Start-up alternatives and performance of an UASB pilot plant treating diluted municipal wastewater at low temperature. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[5]  S. Malfatti,et al.  Multiple genome sequences reveal adaptations of a phototrophic bacterium to sediment microenvironments , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[6]  Y. Chisti,et al.  Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics. , 2003, Biotechnology advances.

[7]  F. Chen,et al.  Experimental factors affecting PCR-based estimates of microbial species richness and evenness , 2010, The ISME Journal.

[8]  Eric P. Nawrocki,et al.  An improved Greengenes taxonomy with explicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria and archaea , 2011, The ISME Journal.

[9]  W. Verstraete,et al.  NH+/4-N assimilation by Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 23782 grown axenically and non-axenically in N and C rich media , 1987 .

[10]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Anammox growth on pretreated municipal wastewater. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[11]  William A. Walters,et al.  Impact of training sets on classification of high-throughput bacterial 16s rRNA gene surveys , 2011, The ISME Journal.

[12]  M. Madigan,et al.  A gas vesiculate planktonic strain of the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodoferax antarcticus isolated from Lake Fryxell, Dry Valleys, Antarctica , 2004, Archives of Microbiology.

[13]  M. Madigan,et al.  Remarkable Diversity of Phototrophic Purple Bacteria in a Permanently Frozen Antarctic Lake , 2003, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[14]  Debabrata Das,et al.  The Prospect of Purple Non-Sulfur (PNS) Photosynthetic Bacteria for Hydrogen Production: The Present State of the Art , 2007 .

[15]  Mogens Henze,et al.  Wastewater Treatment: Biological and Chemical Processes , 1995 .

[16]  Damien J Batstone,et al.  Phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater. , 2014, Water research.

[17]  Björn Usadel,et al.  Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data , 2014, Bioinform..

[18]  R. Sheridan,et al.  ADAPTIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE EXTREMES BY THE THERMOPHILIC CYANOPHYTE SYNECHOCOCCUS LIVIDUS 1 , 1976 .

[19]  W R Pearson,et al.  Comparison of DNA sequences with protein sequences. , 1997, Genomics.

[20]  G. Peschek,et al.  The Phototrophic Prokaryotes , 1999, Springer US.

[21]  A. Stams,et al.  High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater at Low Temperatures , 1999, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[22]  J. Keller,et al.  Domestic wastewater treatment with purple phototrophic bacteria using a novel continuous photo anaerobic membrane bioreactor. , 2016, Water research.

[23]  Steven J Skerlos,et al.  Psychrophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater. , 2013, Water research.

[24]  Damien J. Batstone,et al.  Teaching uncertainty propagation as a core component in process engineering statistics , 2013 .

[25]  P. Dutton,et al.  Temperature and -.DELTA.G.degree. dependence of the electron transfer from BPh.cntdot.- to QA in reaction center protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with different quinones as QA , 1989 .

[26]  Steven J Skerlos,et al.  Perspectives on anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater: a critical review. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[27]  E. Tang,et al.  CYANOBACTERIAL DOMINANCE OF POLAR FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: ARE HIGH‐LATITUDE MAT‐FORMERS ADAPTED TO LOW TEMPERATURE? 1 , 1997 .

[28]  Daniel G. Brown,et al.  PANDAseq: paired-end assembler for illumina sequences , 2012, BMC Bioinformatics.

[29]  Damien J. Batstone,et al.  Methanosarcinaceae and Acetate-Oxidizing Pathways Dominate in High-Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge , 2013, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[30]  Ebru Özgür,et al.  Biohydrogen production by Rhodobacter capsulatus on acetate at fluctuating temperatures , 2010 .

[31]  Y. Asada,et al.  Accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate by Rhodobacter sphaeroides on various carbon and nitrogen substrates , 1998 .

[32]  C. Patton,et al.  Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory; determination of the total phosphorus by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated colorimetric finish that includes dialysis , 1992 .

[33]  Zhiyou Wen,et al.  Development of an attached microalgal growth system for biofuel production , 2009, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[34]  A. Camacho,et al.  Temperature effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in some Maritime Antarctic freshwater phototrophic communities , 2011, Polar Biology.

[35]  J Keller,et al.  Platforms for energy and nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater: A review. , 2015, Chemosphere.

[36]  G Lettinga,et al.  Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment. , 2001, Trends in biotechnology.

[37]  David A. Wilkinson,et al.  Regulation of Flagellum Number by FliA and FlgM and Role in Biofilm Formation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides , 2011, Journal of bacteriology.

[38]  A. Hiraishi,et al.  Polyphosphate accumulation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides grown under different environmental conditions with special emphasis on the effect of external phosphate concentrations. , 1991 .

[39]  William A. Walters,et al.  QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data , 2010, Nature Methods.

[40]  T. Noike,et al.  Characteristics of anaerobic ammonia removal by a mixed culture of hydrogen producing photosynthetic bacteria. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[41]  Grietje Zeeman,et al.  The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage in closing the water and nutrient cycle at community level , 1999 .

[42]  Kusum Lata,et al.  State-of-the-art of anaerobic digestion technology for industrial wastewater treatment , 2000 .

[43]  Abby L. Berns,et al.  Low temperature (23 degrees C) increases expression of biofilm-, cold-shock- and RpoS-dependent genes in Escherichia coli K-12. , 2008, Microbiology.

[44]  P. Kos.  Short SRT (solids retention time) nitrification process/flowsheet , 1998 .

[45]  Robbert Kleerebezem,et al.  Nitrogen Removal by a Nitritation-Anammox Bioreactor at Low Temperature , 2013, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.