The current status of vestibular system models

The human vestibular system for dynamic space orientation is described mathematically, using the identification methods of control theory. The analysis by several investigators at the M.I.T. Man-Vehicle Laboratory, building on the available data, has led to a biocybernetic model which is useful in predicting man's perceived orientation in space, postural reactions, nystagmus eye movements, and piloting actions based on motion cues. The semicircular canals, which act as angular velocity sensors, have been subjected to a fluid dynamics analysis. The limitations of the torsion pendulum model of Van Egmond, Groen and Jongkees are examined, and a quantitative description of adaptation is proposed. An otolith model, responding to linear acceleration forces, is presented and shown to agree with perception of tilt and translation, eye counter-rolling, and electrophysiological data. Cross-coupling effects are discussed, including the influence of linear acceleration on the semicircular canals.

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