Preparation of Binders from Inexpensive By-products for Use in High-Pressure Phenolic Laminates: Reactive Phenosolvan Pitch-Lignin Derived Products for Use in Impregnating Varnishes and Testing of 6-Ply Hessian-Paper Laminates

SYNOPSIS Equal mixtures of phenosolvan pitch and autohydrolysis bagasse lignin in the presence of either acid or alkaline catalyst and without catalyst were submitted to a thermal treatment stage at 230°C (Phenolation). Each of the phenolated products was mixed with phenol resol varnish (ratio 50: 50) for impregnation into 6-ply hessian Kraft paper laminates. Laminates impregnated with phenol resol and phenolated pitch/lignin with a hexamine hardener addition solely served as references. Laminates impregnated with each mixture produced adequate tensile and flexural strength, while the mixtures containing either the acid or alkaline phenolated product were superior in stiffness to phenol resol and the mixture without catalyst. All mixtures and the phenolated pitch/lignin with hexamine lacked the toughness of the phenol resol system.

[1]  R. E. Ysbrandy,et al.  Thermal Reactivity and Molecular Mass Analyses of Phenosolvan Pitch Resols and Phenolated Pitch/Lignin Mixtures , 1994 .

[2]  R. E. Ysbrandy,et al.  Adhesives from Autohydrolysis Bagasse Lignin, a Renewable Resource. Part I. The Physical Properties of Laminates made with Phenolated Lignin Novolacs , 1992 .

[3]  M. Kuo,et al.  Alkali Treated Kraft Lignin as a Component in Flakeboard Resins , 1991 .

[4]  C. Hse,et al.  Effects of Phenol-Formaldehyde Copolymer on Gluebond Performance of Lignin-Phenolic Resin Systems , 1989 .

[5]  A. Nada,et al.  Waste liquors from cellulosic industries. IV: Lignin as a component in phenol formaldehyde resol resin , 1987 .

[6]  R. A. Young,et al.  A lignin adhesive system for flakeboard production , 1986 .

[7]  L. Pilato,et al.  Industrial Laminates and Paper Impregnation , 1985 .

[8]  L. Pilato,et al.  Composite Wood Materials , 1985 .

[9]  R. Coughlin,et al.  Depolymerization of Lignin at Low Pressure Using Lewis Acid Catalysts and under High Pressure Using Hydrogen Donor Solvents , 1985 .

[10]  H. Mark,et al.  Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering , 1985 .

[11]  Stephen Y. Lin.  Lignin Utilization: Potential and Challenge , 1983 .

[12]  I. S. Goldstein,et al.  The Attempted Depolymerization of Hc1 Lignin By Catalytic Hydrogenolysis , 1982 .

[13]  K. V. Sarkanen,et al.  Thermal Degradation of Kraft Lignin in Tetralin , 1980 .

[14]  N. Foster.  Adhesive formulation via thermolytic modification of lignin , 1979 .

[15]  Y. Kamiya,et al.  Thermal treatment of coal-related aromatic ethers in tetralin solution , 1979 .

[16]  E. Roffael,et al.  Über die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten auf Basis von Sulfitablauge. IV. Verwendung von Sulfitablauge in Kombination mit alkalischen Phenolharzen , 1973 .

[17]  E. Roffael,et al.  Über die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten auf Basis von Sulfitablauge. I. Stand der Technik und eigene Untersuchungen , 1971 .

[18]  E. Roffael,et al.  Über die Herstellung von Holzspanplatten auf Basis von Sulfitablauge. II. Über ein neues und schnelles Verfahren zur Herstellung Sulfitablauge-gebundener Spanplatten , 1971 .

[19]  P. Claus,et al.  Reaktionen mit markierten Ligninen und Modellen. I. Mitteilung: Kondensation mit Phenol , 1964 .