Road surface texture and skid resistance

This paper deals with the relationship between road surface texture and skid resistance. Mechanisms underlying the tire/wet road friction are first described. Definitions of road surface irregularities scales are given. The rest of the paper is then focused on the macrotexture and microtexture scales and their respective roles in what happens at the tire/road interface. Existing methods to measure and characterize the road surface texture are presented. On the one hand, problems encountered when using sensors developed for machined surfaces for the measurement of road surface profiles or cartographies are discussed. On the other hand, potential improvements when applying characterization methods developed for machined surfaces to road surfaces are highlighted. The paper presents finally modeling approaches to calculate friction forces from road surface texture. The generalized form of the models is presented from which terms related respectively to the macrotexture and the microtexture are identified. Approaches used to calculate these terms, integrating eventually other variables, are presented.

[1]  R. J. Pinnington,et al.  Rubber friction on rough and smooth surfaces , 2009 .

[2]  J. A. Greenwood,et al.  The Friction of Hard Sliders on Lubricated Rubber: The Importance of Deformation Losses , 1958 .

[3]  Seosamh B. Costello,et al.  Quantifying aggregate microtexture with respect to wear—Case of New Zealand aggregates , 2015 .

[4]  R. J. Pinnington,et al.  A particle-envelope surface model for road–tyre interaction , 2012 .

[5]  P. Gennes,et al.  Dewetting of a water film between a solid and a rubber , 1994 .

[6]  W. O. Yandell.  A NEW THEORY OF HYSTERETIC SLIDING FRICTION , 1971 .

[7]  J. M. Golden,et al.  A theory of wet road-tyre friction , 1981 .

[8]  Steve M. Rohde,et al.  On the effect of pavement microtexture on thin film traction , 1976 .

[9]  J. Greenwood,et al.  Contact of nominally flat surfaces , 1966, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[10]  R. Danzl,et al.  Focus Variation – a Robust Technology for High Resolution Optical 3D Surface Metrology , 2011 .

[11]  S W Forster.  AGGREGATE MICROTEXTURE: PROFILE MEASUREMENT AND RELATED FRICTIONAL LEVELS , 1981 .

[12]  H W Kummer.  Unified theory of rubber and tire friction , 1966 .

[13]  Barbara E. Sabey,et al.  Factors Affecting the Friction of Tires on Wet Roads , 1970 .

[14]  B. Sabey.  Pressure Distributions beneath Spherical and Conical Shapes pressed into a Rubber Plane, and their Bearing on Coefficients of Friction under Wet Conditions , 1958 .

[15]  M Bouteldja,et al.  Friction/water depth relationship—In situ observations and its integration in tire/road friction models , 2014 .

[16]  I. Ford.  Roughness effect on friction for multi-asperity contact between surfaces , 1993 .

[17]  Robert Bond,et al.  THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH FRICTION DENSE ASPHALTS , 1977 .

[18]  B. Persson.  Theory of rubber friction and contact mechanics , 2001 .

[19]  Desmond F. Moore,et al.  The Friction of Pneumatic Tyres , 1975 .

[20]  Bernhard Steinauer,et al.  Calculation of skid resistance from texture measurements , 2015 .

[21]  D. Whitehouse,et al.  The properties of random surfaces of significance in their contact , 1970, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[22]  C. F. Fahl.  Motif combination — a new approach to surface profile analysis , 1982 .

[23]  G. Heinrich,et al.  Rubber friction, tread deformation and tire traction , 2008 .

[24]  K J Stout,et al.  Development of methods for the characterisation of roughness in three dimensions , 2000 .

[25]  Majdi Khoudeir,et al.  Characterization of road microtexture by meansof image analysis , 2005 .

[26]  W. O. Yandell,et al.  MICROTEXTURE ROUGHNESS EFFECT ON PREDICTED ROAD-TYRE FRICTION IN WET CONDITIONS , 1981 .

[27]  J. Greenwood.  A unified theory of surface roughness , 1984, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[28]  Véronique Cerezo,et al.  Modeling of the connection road surface microtexture/water depth/friction , 2013 .

[29]  R Vargiolu,et al.  CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROTEXTURE RELATED TO WET ROAD/TIRE FRICTION , 2000 .