Mise en oeuvre d'une architecture de reconnaissance de formes pour la détection de particules à partir d'images atmosphériques

L'experience HESS consiste en un systeme de telescopes permettant d'observer les rayonnements cosmiques. Compte tenu des resultats majeurs obtenus depuis son installation, la seconde phase du projet a ete engagee. Celle-ci est en cours de realisation et passe par l'ajout d'un telescope plus sensible et plus grand que ses predecesseurs. Toutes les donnees collectees par ce telescope ne peuvent pas etre conservees a cause des limites de stockage. Par consequent, un systeme de declencheur, dit trigger, performant doit etre mis en place. L'objectif de cette these est de proposer une solution de reconnaissance de formes en temps reel dans un contexte fortement contraint et qui sera embarquee sur le telescope. La premiere partie de la these a consiste a elaborer une chaine de reconnaissance des formes pour ce trigger. Une chaine de traitement a base de reseau de neurones et des moments de Zernike a ete validee. La seconde partie de la these a porte sur l'implantation des algorithmes retenus sur une cible FPGA en tenant compte des contraintes en termes de ressources et de temps d'execution.

[1]  F. R. Elder,et al.  Radiation from Electrons in a Synchrotron , 1947 .

[2]  P. Werbos,et al.  Beyond Regression : "New Tools for Prediction and Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences , 1974 .

[3]  W. Loh,et al.  SPLIT SELECTION METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION TREES , 1997 .

[4]  Sanjoy Dasgupta,et al.  Adaptive Control Processes , 2010, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining.

[5]  D. Bhattacharya,et al.  High-Energy Gamma-Ray Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cerenkov Effect Experiment , 2000, astro-ph/0006304.

[6]  Ming-Kuei Hu,et al.  Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants , 1962, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[7]  J. Mercer.  Functions of Positive and Negative Type, and their Connection with the Theory of Integral Equations , 1909 .

[8]  G. V. Kass.  An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data , 1980 .

[9]  Thomas G. Dietterich,et al.  Solving Multiclass Learning Problems via Error-Correcting Output Codes , 1994, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[10]  Mehdi Hatamian,et al.  A real-time two-dimensional moment generating algorithm and its single chip implementation , 1986, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[11]  Bertrand Granado.  Architecture des systemes electroniques pour les reseaux de neurones. Conception d'une retine connexionniste , 1998 .

[12]  Chee-Way Chong,et al.  An Efficient Algorithm for Fast computation of Zernike Moments , 2002, Joint Conference on Information Sciences.

[13]  D. Lewis.  Optical characteristics of the whipple observatory TeV gamma-ray imaging telescope , 1990 .

[14]  B. Santo.  25 microchips that shook the world , 2009, IEEE Spectrum.

[15]  S. Hyakin,et al.  Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation , 1994 .

[16]  M. Teague.  Image analysis via the general theory of moments , 1980 .

[17]  T. Bayes,et al.  Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics: IX. Thomas Bayes's Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances , 1958 .

[18]  Robert M. Gray,et al.  An Algorithm for Vector Quantizer Design , 1980, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[19]  Philippe-Henri Gosselin,et al.  Méthodes d'apprentissage pour la recherche de catégories dans des bases d'images. (Learning methods for category retrieval in image databases) , 2005 .

[20]  Giselher G. Lichti,et al.  Second Cos $B$ Catalog of High-energy gamma-ray Sources , 1981 .

[21]  Mathieu De Naurois.  L'expérience CELESTE: Reconversion d'une centrale solaire pour l'astronomie gamma. Première observation de la Nébuleuse du Crabe et du Blazar Markarian~421 entre 30 et 300 GeV. , 2000 .

[22]  Ioannis Andreadis,et al.  Real-time computation of Zernike moments , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[23]  J. Knapp,et al.  CORSIKA: A Monte Carlo code to simulate extensive air showers , 1998 .

[24]  Vladimir N. Vapnik,et al.  The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory , 2000, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[25]  G. P. Rowell,et al.  The CANGAROO-III project , 2001 .

[26]  David Biggs,et al.  A method of choosing multiway partitions for classification and decision trees , 1991 .

[27]  A. Noutsos,et al.  A New Population of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources in the Milky Way , 2005, Science.

[28]  Bruce Denby.  Neural networks in high energy physics: A ten year perspective , 1999 .

[29]  Richard P. Hopkins,et al.  Data-Driven and Demand-Driven Computer Architecture , 1982, CSUR.

[30]  Michael J. Flynn,et al.  Some Computer Organizations and Their Effectiveness , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[31]  Wei-Yin Loh,et al.  Classification and regression trees , 2011, WIREs Data Mining Knowl. Discov..

[32]  B. Degrange,et al.  The CAT Imaging Telescope for Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy , 1998 .

[33]  Ulrich Ramacher,et al.  SYNAPSE - A Neurocomputer that Synthesizes Neural Algorithms on a Parallel Systolic Engine , 1992, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[34]  F ROSENBLATT,et al.  The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. , 1958, Psychological review.

[35]  Jean-Christophe Prévotet,et al.  Etude des systèmes électroniques pour les réseaux connexionnistes appliqués à l'instrumentation en temps-réel , 2002 .

[36]  A. Hillas.  Cerenkov light images of EAS produced by primary gamma , 1985 .

[37]  A. Oettinger,et al.  Proposed automatic calculating machine , 1964, IEEE Spectrum.

[38]  Stéphane Mallat,et al.  A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation , 1989, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[39]  Joel L. Davis,et al.  An Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks , 1995 .

[40]  P. Hysica,et al.  A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements , 2011 .

[41]  John von Neumann,et al.  First draft of a report on the EDVAC , 1993, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.

[42]  P. A. Čerenkov.  Visible radiation produced by electrons moving in a medium with velocities exceeding that of light , 1937 .

[43]  Eric C. Kintner,et al.  On the Mathematical Properties of the Zernike Polynomials , 1976 .

[44]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  Perceptrons: expanded edition , 1988 .

[45]  G. Kane.  Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, vol 1: Foundations, vol 2: Psychological and Biological Models , 1994 .