T1, T2, and concentrations of brain metabolites in neonates and adolescents estimated with H‐1 MR spectroscopy

The protein and lipid content of the human brain increases dramatically from infancy to adolescence. The authors investigated whether this change influences the relaxation behavior of metabolites measurable with hydrogen‐1 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy. H‐1 MR spectroscopy was performed in eight neonates and eight adolescents at 1.5 T with STEAM (stimulated‐echo acquisition mode) sequences. Five spectra were obtained in each volume of interest with different TE and TR values. T1 and T2 were subsequently calculated. T1 and T2 for inositols, choline‐containing compounds (Cho), phosphocreatine plus creatine (PCr + Cr), and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) did not differ significantly between the two subject groups. Metabolite concentrations were estimated by using the fully relaxed water signal as an internal standard. Mean estimated concentrations of NAA and PCr + Cr were higher in the adolescent group, whereas the concentration of Cho was lower. The concentration of inositols was similar in the two groups.

[1]  J. Dobbing,et al.  Quantitative growth and development of human brain , 1973, Archives of disease in childhood.

[2]  G. Collingridge,et al.  Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system. , 1989, Pharmacological reviews.

[3]  J. Frahm,et al.  Improvements in localized proton NMR spectroscopy of human brain. Water suppression, short echo times, and 1 ml resolution , 1990 .

[4]  J. Frahm,et al.  Absolute concentrations of metabolites in the adult human brain in vivo: quantification of localized proton MR spectra. , 1993, Radiology.

[5]  Der,et al.  Age-dependent changes in localized proton and phosphorus MR spectroscopy of the brain. , 1990, Radiology.

[6]  François Lazeyras,et al.  Magnetic Resonance in Preterm and Term Newborns: 1H-Spectroscopy in Developing Human Brain , 1991, Pediatric Research.

[7]  Roger J. Ordidge,et al.  THE CORRECTION OF TRANSIENT B0 FIELD SHIFTS FOLLOWING THE APPLICATION OF PULSED GRADIENTS BY PHASE CORRECTION IN THE TIME DOMAIN , 1986 .

[8]  H. Bruhn,et al.  Localized high‐resolution proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: Initial applications to human brain in vivo , 1989, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  R G Shulman,et al.  Spatially localized 1H NMR spectra of metabolites in the human brain. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  O Henriksen,et al.  In vivo quantification of brain metabolites by 1H-MRS using water as an internal standard. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[11]  Jimmy D Bell,et al.  Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants. , 1990, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[12]  J. Hennig,et al.  Direct absolute quantification of metabolites in the human brain with in vivo localized proton spectroscopy , 1992, NMR in biomedicine.

[13]  K Suzuki,et al.  SUBACUTE SCLEROSING LEUKOENCEPHALITIS: II. CHEMICAL STUDIES INCLUDING ABNORMAL MYELIN AND AN ABNORMAL GANGLIOSIDE PATTERN , 1966, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[14]  J. Frahm,et al.  Proton NMR spectroscopy of cerebral metabolic alterations in infantile peroxisomal disorders. , 1992, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[15]  P A Narayana,et al.  In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of human brain. , 1991, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[16]  J. Frahm,et al.  Localized proton NMR spectroscopy in different regions of the human brain in vivo. Relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites , 1989, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  T. Bohan,et al.  Regional in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain , 1989 .

[18]  D I Hoult,et al.  The signal-to-noise ratio of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment. 1976. , 1976, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[19]  U. Klose.  In vivo proton spectroscopy in presence of eddy currents , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[20]  J. Davis,et al.  Water content of dog brain parts in relation to maturation of the brain. , 1968, The American journal of physiology.

[21]  S. Rose,et al.  Measurement of the T2 relaxation time of ethanol and cerebral metabolites, in vivo , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.