Fast pyrolysis technology development

While the intention of slow pyrolysis is to produce mainly charcoal, fast pyrolysis is meant to convert biomass to a maximum quantity of liquids (bio‐oil). Both processes have in common that the biomass feedstock is densified to reduce storage space and transport costs. A comfortable, more stable and cleaner intermediate energy carrier is obtained, which is much more uniform and well defined. In this review, the principles of fast pyrolysis are discussed, and the main technologies reviewed (demo scale: fluid bed, rotating cone and vacuum pyrolysis; pilot plant: ablative and twin screw pyrolysis). Possible product applications are discussed in relation to the bio‐oil properties. General mass and energy balance are provided as well, together with some remarks on the economics. Challenges for the coming years are (1) improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes; (2) the demonstration of the oil's utilization in boilers, engines and turbines; and (3) the development of technologies for the production of chemicals and biofuels from pyrolysis oils. One important conclusion in relation to biofuel production is that the type of oxygen functionalities (viz. as an alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, ether, or ester) in the oil should be controlled, rather then merely focusing on a reduction of just the oxygen content itself. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

[1]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  Stabilization of biomass‐derived pyrolysis oils , 2010 .

[2]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  Quality control in fast pyrolysis bio‐oil production and use , 2009 .

[3]  Ala Khodier,et al.  Pilot‐scale combustion of fast‐pyrolysis bio‐oil: Ash deposition and gaseous emissions , 2009 .

[4]  Douglas C. Elliott,et al.  Catalytic hydroprocessing of biomass fast pyrolysis bio‐oil to produce hydrocarbon products , 2009 .

[5]  J. Wildschut,et al.  Catalytic hydrotreatment of fast pyrolysis oil: Model studies on reaction pathways for the carbohydrate fraction , 2009 .

[6]  T. Carlson,et al.  Aromatic Production from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks , 2009 .

[7]  Process-product studies on pyrolysis oil upgrading by hydrotreatment with Ru/C catalysts , 2009 .

[8]  Nicolaus Dahmen,et al.  Cost estimate for biosynfuel production via biosyncrude gasification , 2009 .

[9]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review , 2008 .

[10]  B. V. Babu.  Biomass pyrolysis: a state‐of‐the‐art review , 2008 .

[11]  Iain S. Donnison,et al.  The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability , 2008 .

[12]  Colomba Di Blasi,et al.  Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis , 2008 .

[13]  C. Blasi,et al.  Thermal and catalytic decomposition of wood impregnated with sulfur-and phosphorus-containing ammonium salts , 2008 .

[14]  J. Lédé,et al.  Properties of bio-oils produced by biomass fast pyrolysis in a cyclone reactor , 2007 .

[15]  David Chiaramonti,et al.  Power generation using fast pyrolysis liquids from biomass , 2007 .

[16]  Haiping Yang,et al.  Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis , 2007 .

[17]  Douglas C. Elliott,et al.  Historical Developments in Hydroprocessing Bio-oils , 2007 .

[18]  Hero J. Heeres,et al.  A Breakthrough Is Something You Don't See Coming Preface , 2007 .

[19]  V. Putsche,et al.  Large-Scale Pyrolysis Oil Production: A Technology Assessment and Economic Analysis , 2006 .

[20]  P. Badger,et al.  Use of mobile fast pyrolysis plants to densify biomass and reduce biomass handling costs—A preliminary assessment , 2006 .

[21]  D. Mohan,et al.  Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review , 2006 .

[22]  Wolter Prins,et al.  Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Part 2: Experimental Validation of Model Results , 2005 .

[23]  Vladimir V. Lupandin,et al.  Test results of the OGT2500 Gas Turbine Engine Running on Alternative Fuels: BioOil, Ethanol, BioDiesel and Crude Oil , 2005 .

[24]  G. Brem,et al.  A novel thermogravimetric vortex reactor for the determination of the primary pyrolysis rate of biomass , 2004 .

[25]  Piero Baglioni,et al.  Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in engines - Part 2: tests in diesel engines , 2003 .

[26]  A. Oasmaa,et al.  Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 3. Storage Stability of Liquid Fuel , 2003 .

[27]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass , 2003 .

[28]  Ed Hogan,et al.  Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel , 2003 .

[29]  J. Spitzer,et al.  Entrained flow gasification of bio-oil for synthesis gas , 2002 .

[30]  Robert C. Brown,et al.  Pretreatment Processes to Increase Pyrolytic Yield of Levoglucosan from Herbaceous Feedstocks , 2001 .

[31]  I. Vasalos,et al.  Catalyst Evaluation for Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis , 2000 .

[32]  W. Prins,et al.  Flash Pyrolysis of Wood for Energy and Chemicals: Part 1 , 1999 .

[33]  R. Brown,et al.  Economic analysis of selected lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion technologies , 1999, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

[34]  W. Baldauf,et al.  Production of a bio-gasoline by upgrading biomass flash pyrolysis liquids via hydrogen processing and catalytic cracking , 1998 .

[35]  A. Bridgwater,et al.  Overview of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Liquid Fuels , 1997 .

[36]  Minoru Funaki,et al.  Recovery of Wood Preservatives from Wood Pyrolysis Tar by Solvent Extraction , 1997 .

[37]  Paul T. Williams,et al.  Reaction of oxygenated biomass pyrolysis model compounds over a ZSM-5 catalyst , 1996 .

[38]  N. Bakhshi,et al.  Production of hydrocarbons by catalytic upgrading of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Part II: Comparative catalyst performance and reaction pathways , 1995 .

[39]  N. Bakhshi,et al.  Production of hydrocarbons by catalytic upgrading of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Part I: Conversion over various catalysts , 1995 .

[40]  N. Bakhshi,et al.  Catalytic conversion of a biomass-derived oil to fuels and chemicals I: Model compound studies and reaction pathways , 1995 .

[41]  W.P.M. van Swaaij,et al.  Pyrolysis of biomass in the rotating cone reactor: modelling and experimental justification , 1994 .

[42]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Ablative plate pyrolysis of biomass for liquids , 1994 .

[43]  Maurice A. Bergougnou,et al.  Commercial-scale rapid thermal processing of biomass , 1994 .

[44]  J. Baeyens,et al.  The EGEMIN Flash Pyrolysis Process: Commissioning and Initial Results , 1993 .

[45]  K. Oehr,et al.  Biomass derived alkaline carboxylate road deicers , 1992 .

[46]  D. Radlein,et al.  Fast pyrolysis of natural polysaccharides as a potential industrial process , 1991 .

[47]  Anthony V. Bridgwater,et al.  Developments in direct thermochemical liquefaction of biomass: 1983-1990 , 1991 .

[48]  Tadashi Yoshida,et al.  A simple method for analysis of nitrogen and phenolic compounds in synthetic crude naphtha , 1991 .